# Spain: VAT return reconciliation, 2026

**Sourced from the law.** This draft has not had an independent whole-pack review or accountant sign-off. It preserves this existing entry point and reconciles the calculation in [es-vat-return](es-vat-return.md) to invoices, registers and the actual 2026 Modelo 303. Use that Guide's complete ordinary computation, including both prorrata methods; this review route does not supply a competing historical box map.

## Who this applies to

Ordinary IVA taxpayers in the peninsula/Balearic Islands, including businesses with both deduction-entitling and exempt turnover. Establish the taxpayer, period, establishment, regime and competent administration. The Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla use separate indirect taxes; foral allocation and special-regime computations remain outside the completed ordinary route ([LIVA art. 3](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a3)).

Read actual invoices, customs documents, registers/SII, prior filed returns, credit/refund decisions and relevant elections. Merchant names, foreign IBANs, round sums or personal-looking counterparties are leads for reconciliation, not legal classifications. A bank-only draft cannot substantiate recoverable input VAT or resolve supply place, exemption, tax point or reverse charge ([LIVA arts. 69–70/84/97](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a97)).

## Rates, bands and thresholds

| Check | Required rule | Period | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary rates | **21% / 10% / 4%** under the exact categories; **0%** only where the specific statutory conditions hold | 2026 | [LIVA arts. 90–91](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a91) |
| Dated energy supplies | Apply the spring temporary rates and later conditional product/CPI rules in the computation Guide; do not assume all-year 21% or all-year 10% | 2026 | [RDL 7/2026 art. 42](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-6544#a4-4); [RDL 18/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-14112); [RDL 25/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-20265) |
| Housing period split | New furnished-short-letting, renovation and permanently protected-home wording applies from **1 December 2026**, not January | 2026 cutover | [RDL 29/2026 art. 7](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-20823#a7) |
| Prorrata percentage | Round annual eligible-turnover fraction **up to whole percent** | 2026 | [LIVA art. 104](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a104) |
| Mandatory special method | General recovery exceeds special recovery by **10% or more**; this is not a ten-percentage-point test | 2026 | [Art. 103](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a103) |
| Passenger vehicle | **50%** business-use presumption after establishing business allocation, or the statutory supported/100% category | 2026 | [Art. 95](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a95) |
| Investment-good adjustment | Percentage change **strictly over ten points**, divisor **5**, land/buildings **10** | Statutory adjustment window | [Arts. 107–109](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a109) |
| Deduction and return-credit clocks | Separate **four-year** clocks from entitlement arising and original credit-return filing, respectively | 2026 | [Art. 99](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a99) |

**Energy CPI closure.** The canonical VAT Guide now gives the official INE indices and annual comparisons: electricity 6.0%/8.4%/11.4%, gas 0.8%/4.1%/4.3% for June/July/September 2026. The more-than 15% trigger therefore fails for August/September/November; the corresponding conditional 10% VAT relief is not activated and 21% applies. The gas trigger also covers the listed biomass/firewood. December still awaits October indices. Follow the dated table and primary references in [es-vat-return](es-vat-return.md#energy-conditions-resolved-from-the-official-indices). Source read 2026-10-27.

## The base

### Reconcile the source ledger

Use one row per actual transaction/invoice with issuer/recipient NIF, legal counterparty and establishment, description, supply/movement evidence, invoice/receipt/devengo dates, base, actual rate/quota, business-use fraction, blocked amount, sector/use allocation, prorrata method/percentage, deductible quota, return box and source reference. Keep amendments, prior-period claims, returned payments and unpaid invoices separately. Reconcile opening bank balances plus all movements to closing balances without treating each movement as a sale or purchase.

Reconstruct the invoice settlement as **base + VAT − documented withholding − other settled credits = money received**. If the platform deducts fees, record the gross underlying sales and actual separately invoiced platform service. Do not infer a universal VAT or withholding rate from the amount received. Loans, own-account transfers, owner capital/draws, payroll and statutory payments receive their actual treatment, not an invented VAT extraction ([LIVA arts. 4/7/75/78](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a78)).

Check invoice support before deduction: issuer/recipient details, separate VAT quota and statutory content, including extra details on a simplified invoice. Missing/incorrect documents require correction or an unresolved item, not a fabricated invoice. The investment-good definition is a VAT test separate from book capitalisation. Foreign VAT is not Spanish deductible quota ([LIVA arts. 97–100/108](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a97); [RD 1619/2012 arts. 6–7](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2012-14696#a7)).


For the ordinary sector/startup methods, use [es-vat-return: The base](es-vat-return.md#the-base). Reconcile the CNAE/50-point/15% sector tests, exclusive versus cross-sector shared input, the before-1-July startup counting rule and aggregate four-year correction separately from ordinary annual prorrata. An interrupted full year uses the last three operating calendar years' global percentage. For mixed-use investment input, business use is applied before prorrata:2,100×50%×60%=630; fixed50% use with provisional50% and definitive60% prorrata produces105 additional annual deduction. These supplied methods replace a bare handoff. A fact-specific common-regime authorisation still requires its own evidence; the investment-good method below supplies the finite both-gates simultaneous-change control and the labelled either-separate-gate combined-source method, with the actual calculator discrepancy retained.

### Check retained special-regime gateways

Use [the computation Guide's retained gateways](es-vat-return.md#retained-special-regime-and-small-transaction-gateways) for the retailer surcharge **5.2/1.4/0.5/1.75%**, agriculture/forestry compensation **12%** versus livestock/fishing **10.5%**, advertising objects' same-recipient annual **200** boundary, the distinct acquisition and distance/TBE **10,000** tests, and cash-scheme **2m/100,000** entry/exclusion tests. Those are conditional rules, not general ordinary-return allowances. The computation Guide now supplies the **published 2026 AEAT 250,000/125,000/250,000 entry route**, its post-repeal explanation, equality controls and dated renunciation routes. Preserve the 150,000/75,000/150,000 ordinary statutory baseline and repeal history; the linked IRPF B2B subset is not a stand-alone IVA turnover limb. Check all the activity, entity, aggregation and election conditions before assigning a regime ([LIVA arts. 7/14/73/122/130/161/163 decies](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740)).

For cash-scheme information, reconcile **62/63** sales base/quota and **74/75** affected purchase base/quota on ordinary art. 75 timing, separately from the actual collection/payment-driven output/deduction. The purchase information also affects a non-elected recipient of a cash-scheme invoice. A descriptive row does not accelerate recovery or add its quota twice ([AEAT 2026 instructions](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026.html)).

### Recompute recovery before mapping boxes

Apply business/private allocation and art. 96 restrictions first. The passenger-car presumption is not an automatic deduction on an unrelated personal vehicle. A property partly used by the business can support proportionate utility recovery under the binding TEAC criterion; it does not establish the same proportion for every private mobile service ([LIVA arts. 95–96](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a95); [TEAC 19 July 2023 RG 00/06654/2022](https://serviciostelematicosext.hacienda.gob.es/TEAC/DYCTEA/criterio.aspx?id=00%2F06654%2F2022%2F00%2F0%2F1)).

Rebuild the annual art. 104 included-turnover fraction and retain each exclusion. Exempt turnover is not subject to a generic de-minimis refusal. Under general prorrata, apply the rounded percentage to the eligible business pool; under special, allocate exclusively entitling/exempt/shared costs separately. Recompute both methods for the mandatory comparison. The final correction is **definitive annual recovery − all provisional recovery**, including whatever provisional amount has already been entered for the last period. Do not multiply private-use deductions twice, allow exempt-only costs in special recovery, or use the special method voluntarily without its required election/holding rules ([LIVA arts. 101–106](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a106); [RIVA art. 28](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28925#a28)).

For investment goods, retain acquisition and first-use dates, original and applicable reference U/P/deduction, the actual correction route and remaining years. The [canonical investment-good method](es-vat-return.md#investment-goods-and-credit-ledger) now separates the 420 annual delayed-use prorrata example from a whole pre-use changed-destination correction under 99/114 and the separate 111–113 startup reconciliation. It also supplies a finite simultaneous-change computation when both independent U/P gates are crossed. The canonical Guide also supplies the labelled literal DGT later-reference ledger: the420annual addition takes8,400to8,820; first-useP60%and actual post-adjustment deduction8,820give693at later75%, without a4,200reset. The contrary acquisition-reference schedule and exact authority reconciliation remain explicit. Cases where only one independent gate opens use the labelled combined-source method, with the actual calculator discrepancy retained; the initial acquisition-value method includes independently established irrecoverable VAT. A repayment reduces recovery in box 43; an additional investment deduction has the opposite sign. Ordinary current-year definitive-prorrata correction belongs in 44 and is not duplicated in 43. ([LIVA 95/107–114](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a107); [DGT V0835-25](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V0835-25); [V0386-24](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V0386-24).)

### Reconcile the 2026 form and credit roll-forward

Use the relevant January/1T or later-period AEAT instructions. Domestic output 4/10/21% uses **01–03/04–06/07–09**. Intra-EU goods/services received use output **10/11** and ordinary input **36/37**; other reverse charge output **12/13**, with the domestic input-row interpretation disclosed in the computation Guide. Imports use **32/33**, and the corresponding investment-input pairs are **30/31 domestic, 34/35 import, 38/39 intra-EU**. Thus an EU service does not use the old sibling's 17/18 mapping, nor does non-EU service output use 19/20 ([AEAT 2026 instructions](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026.html)).

Tie output to **27**, input/adjustments to **45**, and net to **46 = 27 − 45**. In a simple state-only original return with no special adjustments, 64/66 follow the ordinary result, **69 = 66 − 78**, and **71 = 69**. Verify prior credit **110**, actual applied credit **78**, and remaining **87 = 110 − 78**. Newly generated negative current-period VAT is not put into 87: it is a separate current-period amount added to the next ledger. No already requested refund remains available for compensation. Carry the original filing date for each unused balance, not a restarted four-year clock at every return ([LIVA art. 99](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a99); [AEAT later-period credit instructions](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026/instrucciones-02-12-2t-4t-2026.html)).

Use a formula-driven working paper with transaction totals, box summary, adjustments and separate prior/current credit schedules. Reconcile invoices to VAT registers/SII, then returns to payment/refund confirmations. Keep the tax computation and payment status distinct: a draft, saved form or bank transfer by itself is not the accepted filing receipt. Detailed fuel, foral, correction and special-regime result fields require their own rule rather than a balancing entry.

## Deadlines and filing

Ordinary 303 quarters file in the first **20 calendar days of April/July/October**; the final quarter in the first **30 days of January**. Monthly filers generally have the first **30 days** of the next month, with January's period due by the last day of February. Confirm holidays and direct-debit windows for the actual period. Monthly status depends on the statutory categories, including prior-year turnover **over 6,010,121.04** and REDEME; monthly filing alone does not establish monthly-refund entitlement ([RIVA art. 71](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28925#a71)).

Check 390 filing or the exact exoneration/last-303 annual data requirements; its ordinary annual deadline is the first **30 January days**. Reconcile 349 using the supplied-goods/services **50,000** quarterly test and the preceding four quarters, rather than applying a threshold to all purchases indiscriminately. SII has its separate four/eight-day and before-16th deadlines ([390 order art. 8](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2009-18472#a8); [RIVA arts. 69 bis/81](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28925#a81); [AEAT 2026 exemptions](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026.html)).

For non-EU general-rule B2B services, recoverable-VAT investment-value assembly and ordinary corrective returns, use [the canonical303 mapping and correction route](es-vat-return.md#current-ordinary-303-mapping). It supplies the12/13-to28/29 input/output distinction and the separate rectificativa/request exceptions. The unprorated input base and deductible quota remain separate, so mixed-business reverse charge does not become automatically neutral.

## Penalties and interest

Classify voluntary late filing, underpayment, late collection and record/invoice infringements separately. LGT art. 27 provides **1% plus 1% per complete late month** through twelve months, then **15% plus the prescribed interest**; offence and collection amounts depend on their own conditions. A rectificative label does not remove a surcharge or establish a harmless error. Use the full sourced penalty table in [the computation Guide](es-vat-return.md#penalties-and-interest), with the conduct, notice, date, unpaid amount and payment evidence recorded ([LGT arts. 26–28/188/191/198](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a27)).

## Cross-border points

Confirm the actual supplier/customer establishment, business status and goods movement. General B2B services, property/other exceptions, intra-EU acquisition, export and import are different legal routes. Reverse-charge output is reported in full; the input side remains restricted by business use, blocking and prorrata. Check a supplier's incorrect foreign VAT separately from the Spanish recipient tax obligation. Reconcile relevant 349, customs and VAT-register entries without assuming that every foreign payment is a reverse charge or every foreign receipt an export ([LIVA arts. 13/21/25/69–70/84/94](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a84)).

## Two worked examples that recompute

### Invoice settlement and prior credit are separate from the VAT base

The source invoice states **1,000 base + 210 VAT − 150 withholding = 1,060 received**. These are assumed documented facts, not a rule assigning every payment that withholding rate. Eligible input VAT is **80**. The VAT base stays 1,000 and current net VAT is **130**. Of **200** prior credit, apply 130 and carry **70** in box 87; the original return result is zero. Do not extract VAT from the 1,060 bank receipt or deduct the withholding from output VAT.

```oa-check
name: Spain 2026 invoice withholding settlement and prior VAT credit
inputs:
  invoice_base: 1000
  invoice_vat: 210
  documented_withholding: 150
  eligible_input: 80
  prior_credit: 200
steps:
  bank_receipt: invoice_base + invoice_vat - documented_withholding
  current_net: invoice_vat - eligible_input
  prior_used: min(prior_credit, max(current_net, 0))
  prior_remaining: prior_credit - prior_used
  return_result: current_net - prior_used
expected:
  bank_receipt: 1060
  current_net: 130
  prior_used: 130
  prior_remaining: 70
  return_result: 0
```

### Investment adjustment sign and ordinary result

Assume acquisition and first use occurred in the same initial year,with no later reference reset. A machine within its adjustment window originally bore **1,260 VAT**, with an **80%** deduction. Current definitive deduction is **60%**, a **20-point** change, so adjustment is required. Original recovery **1,008** minus current-percentage recovery **756**, divided by five, is **50.40 repayable**. Enter **−50.40** in box 43. Assuming **500** other fully reconciled final-period input after its own current-year percentage correction and **1,000** output, total input including box 43 is **449.60**, and the original state-only result without prior credit is **550.40 payable**. No second copy of this same adjustment goes into box 44.

```oa-check
name: Spain 2026 investment-good adjustment reduces input recovery
inputs:
  original_vat: 1260
  original_percentage: 80
  current_percentage: 60
  divisor: 5
  other_final_input: 500
  output: 1000
steps:
  points_change: abs(original_percentage - current_percentage)
  original_deduction: original_vat * original_percentage / 100
  current_equivalent: original_vat * current_percentage / 100
  repayment: (original_deduction - current_equivalent) / divisor
  box43: 0 - repayment
  total_input: other_final_input + box43
  payable: output - total_input
expected:
  points_change: 20
  original_deduction: 1008
  current_equivalent: 756
  repayment: 50.40
  box43: -50.40
  total_input: 449.60
  payable: 550.40
```

## Ask the client first

1. Which legal taxpayer, VAT territory, filing period, regimes/elections and previous accepted returns apply?
2. Which invoices, customs assessments, credit notes and payment/withholding records explain every material register-to-bank difference?
3. What proves business/private and taxable/exempt use, sector allocation, annual turnover and any special-prorrata election?
4. What original investment-good deductions, first-use years and changes/disposals require adjustment?
5. What prior credit/refund ledger and filing receipts establish the opening balance, actual use and unexpired closing balances?
6. Which energy/housing tax points or cross-border facts need the dated or territorial rule before approval?

## Sources

| Official source | Scope read | Read on |
|---|---|---|
|[INE national subclass indices, table 76128](https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=76128&L=0),[official CSV](https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/files/t/es/csv_bdsc/76128.csv)|2026 June/July/September and same 2025 indices; annual variations; six independent product/month comparisons and VAT activation results|2026-10-27|
| [LIVA, Ley 37/1992](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740) | Tax point/base, invoice-supported deduction, use/blocking, prorrata and investment adjustments, credit and refund clocks | 2026-10-26 |
| [RIVA, RD 1624/1992](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28925), [invoice regulation](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2012-14696), [390 order](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2009-18472) | Elections, records, invoice details, return/SII/349 and annual-summary periods | 2026-10-26 |
| [AEAT January/1T 2026](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026.html), [later periods](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/iva/modelo-303-iva-autoliquidacion_/instrucciones-2026/instrucciones-02-12-2t-4t-2026.html), [approved 303](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2026-1761) | Current ordinary output/input/credit mapping and signed adjustments, replacing stale sibling box references | 2026-10-26 |
| [TEAC RG 00/06654/2022](https://serviciostelematicosext.hacienda.gob.es/TEAC/DYCTEA/criterio.aspx?id=00%2F06654%2F2022%2F00%2F0%2F1) | Business/private property utility recovery, not a general mobile-phone percentage | 2026-10-26 |
| [RDL 7/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-6544), [RDL 18/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-14112), [RDL 25/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-20265), [RDL 29/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-20823) | Dated/conditional energy rules and December housing provisions, with unresolved timing/index points inherited from the computation Guide | 2026-10-26 |
| [LGT, Ley 58/2003](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186) | Conduct-based surcharge, penalty and collection classification | 2026-10-26 |
|[DGT V0386-24 section6](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V0386-24),[canonicalcalculation](es-vat-return.md#investment-goods-and-credit-ledger) |Delayed-first-use reference qualification;original worked example expressly assumes same-year acquisition/use |2026-10-27 |
| [DGT V0835-25, section 4](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V0835-25), [LIVA arts. 95/99/104/107–114](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1992-28740#a95) | Actual binding pre-use changed-destination correction, distinct annual delayed-use and pre-activity routes; canonical finite method and later-reference conflict | 2026-10-27 |
| [AEAT live Calculadora de prorrata](https://www2.agenciatributaria.gob.es/wlpl/AVAC-CALC/CalculadoraProrrata), [canonical calculation](es-vat-return.md#investment-goods-and-credit-ledger) | Actual annual first-use 420 and both-gates joint-change control; labelled either-separate-gate primary-text method with calculator discrepancy and the exact later-reference source conflict retained | 2026-10-27 |
| [AEAT1April2026 post-repeal effects note](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-noticias/2026/abril/1/nota-sobre-efectos-ambito-tributario-febrero.html), [IVA eligibility](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/iva/regimenes-tributacion-iva/regimen-simplificado/quien-se-aplica-regimen-simplificado.html), [IRPF eligibility](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/empresarios-individuales-profesionales/contribuyentes-modulos/quien-se-aplica/irpf.html) | Published2026 higher limits and preserved submission routes, distinguished from the ordinary consolidated statutory text and the remaining legal-reconciliation boundary | 2026-10-27 |
| [RDL16/2025](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2025-26458), [27January repeal](https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-2024), [RDL2/2026](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2026-2547), [26February repeal](https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-4667) | Actual extending provisions and non-convalidation history; neither decree presented as currently in force | 2026-10-27 |


**Published route supplied:** The ordinary AEAT exactly-10-kW route and its literal-source reconciliation are supplied in the linked computation Guide. Its source-derived initial acquisition-value, either-separate-gate annual U/P and literal DGT delayed-first-use ledger methods are also supplied, with independent recovery rights, the combined-text interpretation and the actual calculator discrepancy kept explicit. **Not yet confirmed:** December's unpublished October-index condition, fact-specific common-regime-authorisation, the precise authority reconciliation between the supplied DGT post-adjustment reference interpretation and the acquisition-reference wording/calculator, and specialised fuel-result points recorded in [es-vat-return Sources](es-vat-return.md#sources); specific foral allocation exceptions beyond [the ordinary allocation method](es-vat-return.md#the-base); use [IGIC](es-canary-islands-igic.md) or [IPSI](es-ceuta-melilla-ipsi.md) for their territories. This review route does not close an unresolved computation by agreeing with a duplicate draft. Independent whole-pack review remains outstanding.

> Contributed by Jeff Watts.