Asked about Spanish corporate income tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades, IS), Modelo 200, Modelo 202 (pagos fraccionados), corporate tax rates in Spain, SL tax obligations, company formation tax, deducciones empresariales, bases imponibles negativas (BINs), reserva de capitalizacion, reserva de nivel…
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Modelo 200 filing deadline (calendar year)
25 July (25 days after 6 months from fiscal year-end)Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 202 deadline — 1st payment period (Jan–Mar)
1–20 AprilLey 27/2014 (LIS), Art. 40
Modelo 202 deadline — 2nd payment period (Jan–Sep)
1–20 OctoberLey 27/2014 (LIS), Art. 40
Modelo 202 deadline — 3rd payment period (Jan–Nov)
1–20 DecemberLey 27/2014 (LIS), Art. 40
Microempresa rate — first tranche (INCN < EUR 1,000,000)
2025: 21% on first EUR 50,000; 2026: 19%; 2027 onwards: 17%AEAT Impuesto sobre Sociedades novedades Ley 7/2024; Ley 27/2014 DT 44ª (as added by Ley 7/2024)
Microempresa rate — second tranche (INCN < EUR 1,000,000)
2025: 22% on base imponible above EUR 50,000; 2026: 21%; 2027 onwards: 20%AEAT Impuesto sobre Sociedades novedades Ley 7/2024; Ley 27/2014 DT 44ª (as added by Ley 7/2024)
Microempresa INCN threshold (upper limit)
< EUR 1,000,000Ley 7/2024, Disp. Final 8ª
ERD (Empresa Reducida Dimensión) rate — 2025
24%Ley 7/2024
ERD rate — 2026
23%Ley 7/2024
ERD rate — 2027
22%Ley 7/2024
ERD rate — 2028
21%Ley 7/2024
ERD rate — 2029 onwards
20%Ley 7/2024
ERD INCN band
EUR 1,000,000 – EUR 10,000,000Ley 7/2024
General rate (INCN ≥ EUR 10,000,000)
25%Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Nueva creación rate (first 2 fiscal years with positive base imponible)
15%Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Álava general rate
24%NF 37/2013 (Álava)
Álava microempresa rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
20%NF 37/2013 (Álava)
Álava microempresa rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
24%NF 37/2013 (Álava)
Álava nueva creación rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
19%NF 37/2013 (Álava)
Álava nueva creación rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
24%NF 37/2013 (Álava)
Bizkaia general rate
24%NF 11/2013 (Bizkaia)
Bizkaia microempresa rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
20%NF 11/2013 (Bizkaia)
Bizkaia microempresa rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
24%NF 11/2013 (Bizkaia)
Bizkaia nueva creación rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
19%NF 11/2013 (Bizkaia)
Bizkaia nueva creación rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
24%NF 11/2013 (Bizkaia)
Gipuzkoa general rate
19%NF 1/2025 (Gipuzkoa)
Gipuzkoa microempresa rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
15%NF 1/2025 (Gipuzkoa)
Gipuzkoa microempresa rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
17%NF 1/2025 (Gipuzkoa)
Gipuzkoa nueva creación rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
15%NF 1/2025 (Gipuzkoa)
Gipuzkoa nueva creación rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
19%NF 1/2025 (Gipuzkoa)
Navarra general rate
28%LF 26/2016 (Navarra)
Navarra microempresa rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
23%LF 26/2016 (Navarra)
Navarra microempresa rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
28%LF 26/2016 (Navarra)
Navarra nueva creación rate (first EUR 50,000 tranche)
15%LF 26/2016 (Navarra)
Navarra nueva creación rate (above EUR 50,000 tranche)
28%LF 26/2016 (Navarra)
ZEC Canarias rate (up to employment-based ceiling)
4%Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC Canarias — rate on base above ceiling
25% (general rate)Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC minimum employees (general)
5Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC minimum employees (remote/outlying areas)
3Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC ceiling — 5 employees
EUR 1,800,000Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC ceiling — 6–10 employees
EUR 2,700,000Art. 43 Ley 19/1994
ZEC ceiling increment per additional 5 employees (above 10)
+ EUR 1,800,000 per 5 employeesArt. 43 Ley 19/1994
Ceuta/Melilla — bonificación on qualifying income
50% bonificación on cuota íntegra proportional to Ceuta/Melilla incomeArt. 33.6 LIS (Ley 27/2014)
Ceuta/Melilla effective rate on qualifying income
~12.5% (25% general rate with 50% bonificación)Art. 33.6 LIS (Ley 27/2014)
Cooperativas fiscalmente protegidas rate
20%Ley 20/1990
Cooperativas especialmente protegidas — bonificación on cuota
20% rate + 50% bonificación cuotaArt. 34.2 Ley 20/1990
Reserva de capitalización — pre-2025 reduction of equity increase
10% of equity increase; limit 10% of base imponible previaArt. 25 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Reserva de capitalización 2025 — base reduction (0% workforce growth)
20% of equity increase; limit 20% of base imponible previaArt. 25 LIS; Ley 7/2024
Reserva de capitalización 2025 — reduction with ≥2% workforce growth
23% of equity increaseArt. 25 LIS; Ley 7/2024
Reserva de capitalización 2025 — reduction with ≥5% workforce growth
26.5% of equity increaseArt. 25 LIS; Ley 7/2024
Reserva de capitalización 2025 — reduction with ≥8% workforce growth
30% of equity increaseArt. 25 LIS; Ley 7/2024
BIN compensation limit — INCN < EUR 20M
100% of base imponible previa (with EUR 1,000,000 free floor)Art. 26 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
BIN compensation limit — INCN EUR 20M–60M
70% of base imponible previaArt. 26 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
BIN compensation limit — INCN ≥ EUR 60M
50% of base imponible previaArt. 26 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
BIN expiry
No expiry (indefinite carryforward since 2015 reform)Art. 26 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Reserva de nivelación — maximum reduction of base imponible (ERD only)
10%; maximum EUR 1,000,000Art. 105 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Reserva de nivelación — add-back period if not offset by future losses
Within 5 yearsArt. 105 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Reserva de nivelación — INCN eligibility threshold
INCN < EUR 10,000,000 (ERD only)Art. 105 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
I+D deduction rate — base expenditure
25% of I+D expenditureArt. 35.1 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
I+D deduction rate — excess over 2-year average
42% of excess expenditure above 2-year averageArt. 35.1.b Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
I+D deduction — additional rate on researcher personnel costs
+17% of researcher costsArt. 35.1.b Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
I+D deduction — additional rate on dedicated fixed assets (inmovilizado afecto)
+8% of dedicated asset costsArt. 35.1.b Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
I+D/IT combined cuota limit
25% of cuota íntegraArt. 35.1 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
IT (Innovación Tecnológica) deduction rate
12% of IT expenditureArt. 35.2 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Donativos mecenazgo deduction rate (sociedades)
40%Art. 20 Ley 49/2002
Donativos mecenazgo — limit as % of base imponible
10% of base imponibleArt. 20 Ley 49/2002
Deducción empleo discapacitados 33–65% disability
EUR 9,000 per employeeArt. 38 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Deducción empleo discapacitados ≥65% disability
EUR 12,000 per employeeArt. 38 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Producción cinematográfica española — deduction rate (first EUR 1,500,000)
30%Art. 36.1 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Producción cinematográfica española — deduction rate (above EUR 1,500,000)
25%Art. 36.1 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Producción cinematográfica española — maximum deduction
EUR 20,000,000Art. 36.1 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Producción cinematográfica extranjera — deduction rate
30%Art. 36.2 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Producción cinematográfica extranjera — maximum deduction
EUR 20,000,000 (EUR 40,000,000 CSI)Art. 36.2 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Tributación mínima — general minimum rate (INCN ≥ EUR 20M or consolidated group)
15% of base imponibleArt. 30 bis Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Tributación mínima — nueva creación (first 2 years positive BI)
10% of base imponibleArt. 30 bis Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Tributación mínima — banking/hydrocarbon entities
18% of base imponibleArt. 30 bis Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Tributación mínima — INCN threshold for applicability
INCN ≥ EUR 20,000,000 (or consolidated group)Art. 30 bis Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado Art. 40.2 — calculation base
18% × (cuota íntegra − deducciones − bonificaciones − retenciones) from last fiscal yearArt. 40.2 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado Art. 40.3 — rate (INCN ≤ EUR 10M)
17% of base imponible del períodoArt. 40.3 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado Art. 40.3 — rate (INCN > EUR 10M)
24% of base imponible del períodoArt. 40.3 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado Art. 40.3 — mandatory threshold (INCN)
Mandatory if INCN > EUR 6,000,000Art. 40.3 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado mínimo — general rate (INCN ≥ EUR 10M, Art. 40.3)
23% of (resultado contable positivo + ajustes positivos) for the periodDA 14ª Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Pago fraccionado mínimo — banking/hydrocarbon rate
25% of (resultado contable positivo + ajustes positivos) for the periodDA 14ª Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Net financial expenses — non-deductible threshold
Excess over 30% of EBITDA or EUR 1,000,000 (whichever higher) is non-deductible; carry forward allowedArt. 16 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Atenciones a clientes — non-deductible threshold
Excess over EUR 1 per EUR 1,000 of INCN (i.e., 0.1% of INCN); max deductible EUR 1% of INCNArt. 15.e Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 200 — who must file
All entities subject to ISLey 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 202 — who must file
Entities with cuota líquida > 0 in prior year OR INCN > EUR 6,000,000Art. 40 Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 220 — who must file
Consolidated groupsLey 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 220 — deadline
25 July (calendar year)Ley 27/2014 (LIS)
Modelo 232 — who must file and threshold
Related-party transactions > EUR 250,000Ley 27/2014 (LIS); RD 634/2015 (Reglamento IS)
Modelo 232 — filing deadline
NovemberLey 27/2014 (LIS); RD 634/2015 (Reglamento IS)
Based on work by Nambu89 (Impuestify) and Pau March (larenta), licensed under MIT. Adapted for the OpenAccountants format.
Quick Reference
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Country | Spain (Estado Español) |
| Tax | Impuesto sobre Sociedades (IS) |
| Currency | EUR only |
| Fiscal year | Generally calendar year (can differ) |
| Primary legislation | Ley 27/2014 (LIS); Ley 7/2024 (reform) |
| Supporting legislation | RDL 4/2024 (microempresa); Art. 25-26 LIS (reserves/BINs) |
| Tax authority | AEAT (common territory); Haciendas Forales (Basque/Navarra) |
| Filing form | Modelo 200 (annual) |
| Quarterly payments | Modelo 202 (pagos fraccionados) |
| Filing deadline | 25 days after 6 months from fiscal year-end (July 25 for calendar year) |
| Modelo 202 deadlines | 1-20 April, 1-20 October, 1-20 December |
Common Territory Rates (Ley 7/2024)
| Entity Type | INCN (Facturación) | Rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microempresa | < EUR 1,000,000 | 2025: 21% (first EUR 50,000) + 22% (rest); 2026: 19% + 21%; 2027 onwards: 17% + 20% | Ley 7/2024 Disp. Final 8ª / LIS DT 44ª |
| ERD (Empresa Reducida Dimensión) | EUR 1M - 10M | 24% | Transitional: drops 1pp/year to 20% by 2029 |
| General | ≥ EUR 10,000,000 | 25% | Standard rate |
| Nueva creación | Any (first 2 years with BI > 0) | 15% | First 2 fiscal years with positive base imponible |
ERD Transitional Calendar (Ley 7/2024)
| Fiscal Year | ERD Rate |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 24% |
| 2026 | 23% |
| 2027 | 22% |
| 2028 | 21% |
| 2029+ | 20% |
Foral Territories Rates
| Territory | General Rate | Microempresa | Nueva Creación |
|---|---|---|---|
| Álava (NF 37/2013) | 24% | 20%/24% (EUR 50k tramo) | 19%/24% |
| Bizkaia (NF 11/2013) | 24% | 20%/24% (EUR 50k tramo) | 19%/24% |
| Gipuzkoa (NF 1/2025) | 19% | 15%/17% (EUR 50k tramo) | 15%/19% |
| Navarra (LF 26/2016) | 28% | 23%/28% (EUR 50k tramo) | 15%/28% |
Special Regimes Rates
| Regime | Rate | Applicable |
|---|---|---|
| ZEC Canarias | 4% (up to employment-based ceiling) | Entities in Zona Especial Canaria |
| Ceuta/Melilla | 25% with 50% bonificación on qualifying income | Income generated in Ceuta/Melilla |
| Cooperativas fiscalmente protegidas | 20% | Ley 20/1990 |
| Cooperativas especialmente protegidas | 20% + 50% bonificación cuota | Art. 34.2 Ley 20/1990 |
The IS computation follows this pipeline:
1. Resultado contable (accounting profit)
+ Ajustes positivos (non-deductible expenses, amortization differences)
- Ajustes negativos (exempt income, timing differences)
- Reserva de capitalización (Art. 25 LIS)
= Base imponible previa
- Reserva de nivelación (Art. 105 LIS, ERD only)
- Compensación BINs (Art. 26 LIS)
- RIC Canarias (if applicable)
= Base imponible (floor: EUR 0)
× Tipo de gravamen (rate table above)
= Cuota íntegra
- Deducciones (I+D, IT, donativos, empleo, cine...)
- Bonificaciones (Ceuta/Melilla, cooperativas)
= Cuota líquida (with tributación mínima floor if applicable)
- Retenciones e ingresos a cuenta
- Pagos fraccionados (Modelo 202)
= Resultado liquidación (a ingresar / a devolver)
Reserva de Capitalización table (Art. 25 LIS)
| Fiscal Year | Reduction % | Limit (% of base previa) |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-2025 | 10% of equity increase | 10% |
| 2025 (Ley 7/2024) | 20% base (up to 30% with workforce growth) | 20% |
BIN Compensation Limit table (Art. 26 LIS)
| INCN (Annual Revenue) | BIN Compensation Limit |
|---|---|
| < EUR 20M | 100% (with EUR 1M free floor) |
| EUR 20M - 60M | 70% of base imponible previa |
| ≥ EUR 60M | 50% of base imponible previa |
Deducciones en Cuota table
| Deduction | Rate | Limit (% of cuota) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| I+D (Investigación y Desarrollo) | 25% of expenditure | 25% of cuota íntegra | Art. 35.1 LIS |
| I+D (exceso sobre media 2 años) | 42% of excess | Included in 25% limit | Art. 35.1.b LIS |
| I+D personal investigador | +17% of researcher costs | Included | Art. 35.1.b LIS |
| I+D inmovilizado afecto | +8% of dedicated assets | Included | Art. 35.1.b LIS |
| IT (Innovación Tecnológica) | 12% of expenditure | 25% of cuota íntegra | Art. 35.2 LIS |
| Donativos mecenazgo | 40% (sociedades) | 10% of base imponible | Art. 20 Ley 49/2002 |
| Empleo discapacitados 33-65% | EUR 9,000/employee | No limit | Art. 38 LIS |
| Empleo discapacitados ≥65% | EUR 12,000/employee | No limit | Art. 38 LIS |
| Producción cinematográfica española | 30%/25% (first EUR 1.5M/rest) | EUR 20M | Art. 36.1 LIS |
| Producción cinematográfica extranjera | 30% | EUR 20M (EUR 40M CSI) | Art. 36.2 LIS |
Tributación Mínima table (Art. 30 bis LIS)
| Situation | Minimum Rate (on base imponible) |
|---|---|
| General | 15% |
| Nueva creación (first 2 years BI+) | 10% |
| Banking/hydrocarbon entities | 18% |
Two Modalities table
| Modality | Calculation | When Used |
|---|---|---|
| Art. 40.2 | 18% × (cuota íntegra - deducciones - bonificaciones - retenciones) del último ejercicio | Default for most companies |
| Art. 40.3 | 17% × base imponible del período (24% if INCN > EUR 10M) | Mandatory if INCN > EUR 6M; optional otherwise |
Calendar table
| Period | Deadline |
|---|---|
| 1P (Jan-Mar) | 1-20 April |
| 2P (Jan-Sep) | 1-20 October |
| 3P (Jan-Nov) | 1-20 December |
Non-Deductible Expenses table
| Expense | Art. LIS | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Resultado contable del propio IS | Art. 15.b | Ajuste positivo |
| Multas y sanciones | Art. 15.c | Never deductible |
| Donativos y liberalidades | Art. 15.e | Generally not deductible (exceptions for promotion) |
| Retribución fondos propios | Art. 15.a | Dividends are not expense |
| Pérdidas por deterioro de participaciones | Art. 15.k | Not deductible (since 2013) |
| Gastos financieros > 30% EBITDA or EUR 1M | Art. 16 | Excess is non-deductible (carry forward) |
| Atenciones a clientes > EUR 1/1000 INCN | Art. 15.e | Excess is non-deductible, max EUR 1% of INCN |
ZEC Canarias table (Art. 43 Ley 19/1994)
| Feature | Value |
|---|---|
| Rate | 4% on base imponible up to ceiling |
| Ceiling by employees | 5 employees: EUR 1.8M; 6-10: EUR 2.7M; each +5: +EUR 1.8M |
| Minimum employees | 5 (3 in remote areas) |
| Excess above ceiling | 25% (general rate) |
| Eligible activities | Industrial, commercial, services (with exclusions) |
| Combining with RIC | Yes -- RIC further reduces base imponible |
Input: SL Consultora Digital, Madrid. Calendar year 2025. INCN EUR 500,000. Resultado contable EUR 80,000. Gastos no deducibles EUR 3,000. Incremento fondos propios EUR 20,000. BINs pendientes EUR 15,000. No I+D. 1 employee with 33% disability.
Computation:
1. Resultado contable: EUR 80,000
2. + Ajustes positivos (gastos no deducibles): EUR 3,000
3. - Ajustes negativos: EUR 0
4. - Reserva capitalización (20% × 20,000): EUR 4,000
= Base imponible previa: EUR 79,000
5. - Compensación BINs (100%, free floor 1M): EUR 15,000
= Base imponible: EUR 64,000
6. Tipo gravamen: Microempresa (INCN < 1M)
- First EUR 50,000 × 17% = EUR 8,500
- Remaining EUR 14,000 × 20% = EUR 2,800
= Cuota íntegra: EUR 11,300
7. - Deducción empleo discapacidad (1 × 9,000): EUR 9,000
= Cuota líquida: EUR 2,300
8. - Retenciones: EUR 0
- Pagos fraccionados: EUR 0
= Resultado liquidación: EUR 2,300 (a ingresar)
Tipo efectivo: 2,300 / 80,000 = 2.88%
Filing Obligations table
| Modelo | Who Must File | Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | All entities subject to IS | 25 July (calendar year) |
| 202 | Entities with cuota líquida > 0 in prior year OR INCN > EUR 6M | April/October/December |
| 220 | Consolidated groups | 25 July |
| 232 | Related-party transactions > EUR 250K | November |
Conservative Defaults table
| Ambiguity | Default |
|---|---|
| Unknown territory | Common territory (Madrid) |
| Unknown INCN | General rate (25%) |
| Unknown entity type | SL (standard) |
| Unknown fiscal year | 2025 |
| Unknown BINs | EUR 0 (no compensation) |
| Amortización fiscal unknown | Same as contable (no adjustment) |
| Unknown if nueva creación | NOT nueva creación (higher rate) |
| ERD vs general unknown | General (higher rate) |
This skill and its outputs are provided for informational and computational purposes only and do not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. Open Accountants and its contributors accept no liability for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this skill. All outputs must be reviewed and signed off by a qualified professional (such as an asesor fiscal or equivalent licensed practitioner in your jurisdiction) before filing or acting upon.
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