Indonesia Freelance / SME Intake Skill v1.0

What this file is

The intake orchestrator for Indonesian-resident self-employed individuals, sole proprietors (Usaha Dagang / UD), and micro-PT founders (PT Perorangan). Every downstream Indonesian content skill depends on this skill producing a structured intake package first.

Job: (1) confirm taxpayer is in scope, (2) classify the regime (UMKM Final 0.5% vs progressive PPh OP vs PPh Badan), (3) identify downstream skills to run, (4) hand off to id-return-assembly. Outputs addressed to a credentialed Indonesian reviewer (Konsultan Pajak with Brevet A/B/C, or an Akuntan Publik). The reviewer signs off — this skill is not the preparer of record.

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Section 1 — Quick reference: regime decision tree at a glance

Full-year Indonesian tax resident? -> NO = REFUSE
       |
Pekerjaan bebas? -> YES = Progressive PPh OP only (no UMKM Final)
       |
2025 peredaran bruto ≤ Rp4.8B?
       |
       +-- NO  -> Progressive PPh OP + mandatory pembukuan + likely PKP
       |
       +-- YES + UMKM clock not expired (OP 7y / PT 4y / CV 3y)
                -> UMKM Final 0.5% (PP 55/2022)
                   OP: first Rp500m exempt (UU 7/2021 art. 7(2a))

Parallel routing (independent of regime):

• Turnover > Rp4.8B trailing-12 → PKP mandatory → route indonesia-vat + id-einvoice-coretax.
• Employees → route id-payroll-pph21.
• Pays resident suppliers for services / rent / non-resident suppliers → route id-withholding.
• Entity unclear (OP / UD / PT Perorangan / CV / PT) → route id-formation.
• Books not on SAK ETAP / SAK EMKM → route id-bookkeeping.
• Optimisation requested or borderline → route id-tax-optimization.
• Always final → id-return-assembly.

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Section 2 — Workflow runbook (order of operations)

Strict order. Do not narrate steps.

1. Opening — one-line greeting + flow summary + reviewer reminder, then launch the refusal sweep.
2. Refusal sweep — single ask_user_input_v0 call with the 4 questions in Section 5.1.
3. Document dump — ask user to upload everything at once (rekening koran, faktur, bukti potong, prior SPT). Do not insist on bank statements alone.
4. Inference pass — parse every document; extract turnover, expenses, withholding, prior payments.
5. Regime classification — apply Section 4 decision tree using inferred turnover + sweep answers.
6. Confirmation — show inferred summary + proposed regime + downstream-skill list; invite corrections.
7. Gap filling — ask_user_input_v0 only for items documents cannot answer (PTKP, UMKM history, Coretax access).
8. Handoff — produce Section 6 summary and invoke id-return-assembly.

Operating principles: use ask_user_input_v0 for multi-choice; free text only for names / NPWP / KLU. Batch up to 3 related independent questions. Never re-ask documents-visible facts. Indonesian terms in parentheses on first mention (e.g., "annual turnover (peredaran bruto)"). All amounts in IDR.

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Section 3 — Required inputs

Some inferred from documents, the rest gap-filled. All mandatory before handoff.

• Identity / registration: legal name (KTP), NPWP (16 digits = NIK since 1 July 2024 per PMK 136/2023, PER-06/PJ/2024), KPP terdaftar, 5-digit KLU code (PER-17/PJ/2015), PTKP (TK/0…3, K/0…3, K/I/0…3).
• Entity: OP / UD / PT Perorangan (UU 11/2020 art. 109(2), PP 8/2021) / PT / CV / Firma. PT Perorangan: SK Menkumham date. PT / CV: Akta, NIB (OSS), domicile.
• Revenue: 2025 peredaran bruto, monthly turnover detail, domestic vs international mix (exported services may be excluded from PKP threshold under PMK 32/2019).
• Tax history: first year on UMKM Final 0.5% (PP 55/2022 art. 59 clock), prior-year SPT (1770 / 1770 S / 1770 SS / 1771), outstanding pajak terutang / lebih bayar.
• Operational: employee count (PPh 21 / BPJS), PKP status (PMK 197/2013), Coretax DJP account active (PER-24/PJ/2024; KMK 360/KMK.03/2024), e-Faktur usage if PKP.
• Documents: rekening koran 2025, faktur penjualan / kuitansi, faktur pembelian / faktur pajak masukan, bukti potong PPh 21 / 23 / 4(2) / 26, prior-year SPT, SSP / e-Billing receipts.

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Section 4 — Regime decision tree with thresholds and citations

All thresholds 2025-effective.

4.1 Residency gate — UU 36/2008 art. 2(3) as amended by UU 7/2021

Indonesian tax resident = individual residing in Indonesia, or present > 183 days in any 12-month window, or present with intent to reside. Foreigners > 183 days are in scope here. The PMK 18/2021 qualified-expat 4-year regime is out of scope → refuse. Not full-year resident → REFUSE.

4.2 Pekerjaan bebas gate — UU 36/2008 art. 4(1)(c)

Pekerjaan bebas = individual professional service requiring special skill performed independently. Examples (PER-17/PJ/2015 + DJP guidance): doctors, dentists, notaries, PPAT, advokat, arsitek, akuntan, konsultan pajak, aktuaris, penilai, insinyur konsultan; artists, athletes, presenters, MCs, models, musicians; authors, researchers, translators.

If pekerjaan bebas → UMKM Final 0.5% not available (PP 55/2022 art. 56(2)). Use progressive PPh OP (UU 36/2008 art. 17 as amended by UU 7/2021). Route id-income-tax only.

4.3 Turnover threshold gate — PP 55/2022 art. 56, 60; PMK 164/2023

• Peredaran bruto ≤ Rp4.8B + not pekerjaan bebas → UMKM Final 0.5% available (optional; taxpayer may elect progressive instead).

• Rp4.8B → UMKM Final not available; progressive PPh OP + mandatory pembukuan under UU 28/2007 art. 28.

UMKM clock — PP 55/2022 art. 59: OP / UD = 7 years; PT = 4 years; CV / Firma / Koperasi / BUMDes = 3 years. Counted from first applied year (or PP 23/2018 effectivity if on regime in 2018).

Rp500m OP band — UU 7/2021 art. 7(2a): OP on UMKM Final 0.5% has first Rp500m of annual turnover exempt from 0.5% final tax. OP only — not badan.

→ Route id-pph-final-umkm with monthly calc + Rp500m logic.

4.4 Entity gate — UU 40/2007, UU 11/2020, PP 8/2021

• OP / UD → SPT 1770 / 1770 S / 1770 SS. Route id-income-tax and/or id-pph-final-umkm.
• PT Perorangan (UU 11/2020 art. 109(2), PP 8/2021) → separate entity → SPT 1771. Owner reports dividend/salary on SPT 1770. Limited to single Indonesian-citizen founder meeting micro/small criteria (PP 7/2021 art. 35). Route id-corporate-tax.
• PT / CV / Firma → SPT 1771 (CV/Firma treated as badan since UU 7/2021). Route id-corporate-tax.

Entity unclear → route id-formation. PT Perorangan and small PT/CV in scope; full PT with > 50 employees, multiple subsidiaries, or audited financials → refuse.

4.5 PKP / VAT gate — UU 42/2009 as amended by UU 7/2021; PMK 197/2013

PKP mandatory if taxable turnover > Rp4.8B in any trailing-12 window. Voluntary below. VAT rate 11% from 1 April 2022. 12% luxury-goods rate from 1 January 2025 — verify (TBC — Perpres 201/2024, PMK 131/2024). PKP → route indonesia-vat + id-einvoice-coretax.

4.6 Employer gate — UU 36/2008 art. 21; PP 58/2023; PMK 168/2023

Employees / wages → withhold PPh 21 monthly via Coretax + BPJS Kesehatan (UU 24/2011) + BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (UU 40/2004, UU 24/2011). TER schedule from 1 January 2024. Route id-payroll-pph21.

4.7 Withholding-agent gate — UU 36/2008 art. 23, 4(2), 26

Obligation arises if taxpayer is badan, or OP appointed as agent (PER-70/PJ/2007 list — e.g., notary, doctor with own practice), AND pays: resident suppliers for services (PPh 23, 2% on jasa); rent of immovable property (PPh 4(2) Final 10%, PP 34/2017); construction (PPh 4(2) Final, PP 9/2022); non-resident suppliers (PPh 26 20% subject to P3B treaty). Route id-withholding.

4.8 Bookkeeping gate — UU 28/2007 art. 28

≤ Rp4.8B + UMKM Final → pencatatan sufficient. Otherwise → pembukuan (full double-entry) mandatory. Route id-bookkeeping if pembukuan needed and not in place.

4.9 Coretax DJP channel

From tax year 2025 all SPT, e-Billing, e-Bupot, e-Faktur, and registration changes go through Coretax DJP (PER-24/PJ/2024; KMK 360/KMK.03/2024). Confirm access; if not active, flag for reviewer onboarding.

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Section 5 — Questions to ask the user

Use ask_user_input_v0. Batch where independent.

5.1 Refusal sweep (one batched ask_user_input_v0 call, 4 single-select questions)

• Q1 Residency 2025: Full-year resident (WNI / KITAS / KITAP) | Foreigner > 183 days | Part-year | Non-resident.
• Q2 Entity: OP (sole trader) | UD (with trade name) | PT Perorangan | PT / CV / Firma | Not sure.
• Q3 Pekerjaan bebas? Yes (doctor / notary / lawyer / architect / accountant / consultant / artist / …) | No (usaha / online seller / kontraktor) | Mixed.
• Q4 2025 peredaran bruto (IDR): ≤ Rp500m | Rp500m–Rp4.8B | Rp4.8B–Rp50B | > Rp50B | Not sure (infer from docs).

Routing:

Answer	Action
Q1 full-year	continue
Q1 foreigner > 183d	continue; flag reviewer to rule out PMK 18/2021 expat regime
Q1 part-year / non-resident	REFUSE — full-year residents only; refer to Konsultan Pajak
Q2 OP / UD	continue; regime by Q3 + Q4
Q2 PT Perorangan / PT / CV / Firma	continue; route id-corporate-tax; flag if > 50 employees
Q2 not sure	route id-formation first
Q3 pekerjaan bebas	force progressive PPh OP; drop UMKM Final; route id-income-tax
Q3 no	UMKM candidate (subject to Q4 + history)
Q3 mixed	flag; income must be segregated
Q4 ≤ Rp500m	UMKM Final 0.5%; OP band → effective Rp0; still file SPT; route id-pph-final-umkm
Q4 Rp500m–Rp4.8B	UMKM Final 0.5%; route id-pph-final-umkm
Q4 Rp4.8B–Rp50B	UMKM unavailable; route id-income-tax + id-bookkeeping + indonesia-vat
Q4 > Rp50B	REFUSE SPT prep; refer to Konsultan Pajak; still load bookkeeping / VAT
Q4 not sure	defer to inference

5.2 Secondary batched questions

• Q5 PKP status: Yes (issuing e-Faktur) | No | Not sure.
• Q6 Employees 2025: None | 1–5 | 6–20 | > 20.
• Q7 UMKM Final history (PP 23/2018 or PP 55/2022) — since which year? Never | Since 2018 | 2019–2024 | Started 2025 | Not sure.
• Q8 PTKP: TK/0 | TK/1–3 | K/0 | K/1–3 | K/I/0–3.

Routing:

Answer	Action
Q5 yes / unsure with turnover > Rp4.8B	route indonesia-vat + id-einvoice-coretax
Q5 no but turnover > Rp4.8B	flag PKP overdue; route indonesia-vat; reviewer to register
Q6 ≥ 1 employee	route id-payroll-pph21
Q6 > 20	flag (HR-grade load)
Q7 — apply PP 55/2022 art. 59 clock	if expired in 2025 → force progressive; drop id-pph-final-umkm
Q8	captured for PTKP; consumed by id-income-tax (irrelevant under UMKM Final)

5.3 Withholding question

• Q9 In 2025 did you pay Indonesian suppliers for services, rent business premises, or pay non-resident suppliers? Yes (services / rent / non-resident) | Multiple | No.

Any "Yes" → route id-withholding. Reviewer confirms whether OP is an appointed withholding agent.

5.4 Coretax access

• Q10 Coretax DJP access? Yes (active, NPWP-as-NIK linked) | No (never logged in) | Started but hit issues.

"No" or "issues" → flag in open_flags. Coretax is the only filing channel for 2025 SPT.

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Section 6 — Intake output template

6.1 Human-readable confirmation (shown to user)

INTAKE SUMMARY — 2025 Indonesia

Taxpayer: [Name] | NPWP/NIK: [16-digit] | KPP: [office]
PTKP: [TK/0|K/2|…] | Entity: [OP|UD|PT Perorangan|PT|CV]
KLU: [5-digit — industry] | Residency: full-year resident
Coretax: [active | onboarding needed]

REGIME: [UMKM Final 0.5% | Progressive PPh OP | PPh Badan]
  - 2025 turnover: Rp [X]
  - Pekerjaan bebas: [yes|no|mixed]
  - UMKM history: started [year] — [years left] of [7|4|3]
  - PKP: [yes|no|mandatory registration overdue]
  - Employees: [count]

DOWNSTREAM SKILLS:
  id-bookkeeping [pembukuan|pencatatan], id-pph-final-umkm [if UMKM],
  id-income-tax [if progressive], id-corporate-tax [if PT/CV/PT Perorangan],
  indonesia-vat [if PKP], id-einvoice-coretax [if PKP],
  id-payroll-pph21 [if employees], id-withholding [if WH agent],
  id-tax-optimization [if requested], id-return-assembly [always last].

OPEN FLAGS, REFUSALS TRIGGERED, CONSERVATIVE DEFAULTS APPLIED — listed below.

Confirm or correct anything above.

6.2 Structured intake package (internal JSON for id-return-assembly)

{
  "jurisdiction": "ID",
  "tax_year": 2025,
  "taxpayer": {
    "name": "", "npwp": "", "nik": "", "kpp": "",
    "klu_code": "", "ptkp": "TK/0|…|K/I/3",
    "residency": "full_year_resident|foreigner_183_plus",
    "entity_type": "OP|UD|PT_Perorangan|PT|CV|Firma",
    "coretax_active": false
  },
  "regime": {
    "selected": "umkm_final_0_5|progressive_pph_op|pph_badan",
    "pekerjaan_bebas": false,
    "annual_turnover_idr": 0,
    "umkm_first_year": 0,
    "umkm_years_remaining": 0,
    "rp500m_band_applicable": false
  },
  "vat": {
    "pkp": false, "pkp_overdue_registration_flag": false,
    "trailing12_turnover_at_threshold": 0, "e_faktur_active": false
  },
  "employment": {
    "has_employees": false, "employee_count": 0,
    "bpjs_kesehatan_active": false, "bpjs_ketenagakerjaan_active": false
  },
  "withholding": {
    "paid_resident_suppliers_services": false,
    "paid_rent_business_premises": false,
    "paid_non_resident_suppliers": false,
    "is_withholding_agent": false
  },
  "bookkeeping": {
    "method_required": "pembukuan|pencatatan",
    "currently_in_place": false
  },
  "documents_received": [],
  "downstream_skills_to_load": [],
  "open_flags": [],
  "refusals_triggered": [],
  "conservative_defaults_applied": []
}

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Section 7 — Conservative defaults

When uncertain, prefer the safer (higher-tax / stricter-compliance) outcome and flag. All defaults visible to reviewer in conservative_defaults_applied.

Ambiguity	Conservative default
Pekerjaan bebas vs usaha unclear	Treat as pekerjaan bebas → progressive PPh; no UMKM (PP 55/2022 art. 56(2))
Turnover near Rp4.8B (Rp4.5B–Rp5.2B)	Assume above threshold → progressive + PKP registration (UU 42/2009 art. 14)
UMKM clock unclear	Assume started in earliest documented year incl. PP 23/2018
Residency borderline (~180 days)	Assume non-resident → REFUSE
WH-agent status unclear (OP not clearly appointed)	Assume WH obligation exists if any qualifying payment; flag (UU 36/2008 art. 26(4); UU 28/2007 art. 13)
Pembukuan vs pencatatan near threshold	Assume pembukuan required (UU 28/2007 art. 28)
PTKP unclear	Default TK/0
Coretax access unknown	Assume not active; flag for onboarding
Capital vs expense unclear	Capitalise + flag

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Section 8 — Refusal handling

Refusals fire from the refusal sweep or during inference. Protocol: stop the workflow, state the reason in one sentence, recommend a Konsultan Pajak (Brevet C) or Akuntan Publik if audited financials needed, do not work around.

In-scope refusals: part-year / non-resident; turnover > Rp50B; PT with > 50 employees; PMK 18/2021 qualified-expat 4-year regime; corporate groups with consolidated reporting or transfer-pricing complexity.

Sample: "Stop — you are a part-year tax resident in 2025. I cover full-year Indonesian tax residents only. Part-year residents have split-year sourcing under UU 36/2008 art. 2A and may have treaty issues. You need a Konsultan Pajak."

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Section 9 — Self-checks before handoff

Run all 14 before invoking id-return-assembly. Any failure → fix, do not hand off.

1. Refusal sweep used ask_user_input_v0, not prose.
2. Residency confirmed (full-year or foreigner > 183d with flag).
3. Entity type set.
4. Pekerjaan bebas flag set (yes / no / mixed).
5. Peredaran bruto recorded in IDR with bucket band.
6. Regime selected with reason traced to (a) pekerjaan bebas, (b) turnover band, (c) UMKM clock (PP 55/2022 art. 59).
7. PKP status set; pkp_overdue_registration_flag set if turnover > Rp4.8B and not registered.
8. Employee count set; id-payroll-pph21 in downstream list if > 0.
9. WH obligations checked; id-withholding in list if applicable.
10. Bookkeeping requirement set (pembukuan / pencatatan).
11. PTKP captured (default TK/0).
12. Coretax access captured.
13. All conservative defaults recorded with citation.
14. Reviewer disclaimer present in opening + handoff.

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Section 10 — Final handoff to id-return-assembly

Once gap-filling and self-checks pass, output a short handoff message naming (a) taxpayer + entity + KLU + PTKP + Coretax status, (b) regime selected with the headline computation citation, (c) downstream skills in run-order, (d) skills explicitly not running and why, (e) reviewer reminder (Konsultan Pajak Brevet A/B sign-off via Coretax). Then invoke id-return-assembly with the Section 6.2 package.

Example (OP, UMKM Final 0.5%, no employees, not PKP):

Intake complete. Wira Pratama, OP, KLU 47749, KPP Jakarta Selatan, PTKP K/1, Coretax active. 2025 turnover Rp1.2B, not pekerjaan bebas, UMKM Year 3 of 7 (started 2023). Regime: UMKM Final 0.5% (PP 55/2022); first Rp500m exempt under UU 7/2021 art. 7(2a) → base Rp700m × 0.5% = Rp3.5m before prior monthly remittances. Running: id-bookkeeping (pencatatan), id-pph-final-umkm, id-return-assembly. Not running: id-corporate-tax, indonesia-vat, id-payroll-pph21, id-withholding, id-einvoice-coretax. Needs Konsultan Pajak (Brevet A/B) sign-off before Coretax submission. Handing off now.

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Section 11 — Cross-skill references

Inputs: user documents (rekening koran, faktur, bukti potong, prior SPT) + user answers. Output: Section 6.2 package consumed by id-return-assembly.

Downstream skills (via id-return-assembly):

• id-bookkeeping — pembukuan / pencatatan per UU 28/2007 art. 28.
• id-pph-final-umkm — PP 55/2022 0.5% final, Rp500m OP band, clock.
• id-income-tax — progressive PPh OP (UU 36/2008 art. 17 + UU 7/2021); PTKP; NPPN if elected.
• id-corporate-tax — PPh Badan for PT / PT Perorangan / CV / Firma at 22% (UU 36/2008 art. 17(2a) + UU 7/2021).
• indonesia-vat — PPN 11% (12% luxury 2025 — TBC) per UU 42/2009 + UU 7/2021.
• id-einvoice-coretax — e-Faktur via Coretax DJP.
• id-payroll-pph21 — monthly PPh 21 + BPJS using TER (PP 58/2023, PMK 168/2023).
• id-withholding — PPh 23 / 4(2) / 26.
• id-formation — entity choice + PT Perorangan registration.
• id-tax-optimization — regime comparison.
• id-return-assembly — final orchestrator (SPT, working paper, reviewer brief, action list).

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Section 12 — Sources

Primary statutes and regulations cited (all 2025-effective; reviewer to verify 2025 amendments — notably PPN luxury-goods rate change, TBC):

• UU 36/2008 Pajak Penghasilan, as amended.
• UU 28/2007 KUP (General Tax Procedures), as amended.
• UU 42/2009 PPN dan PPnBM, as amended.
• UU 7/2021 Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (HPP) — PTKP, Rp500m UMKM band, PPh rates, PPN 11%.
• UU 11/2020 Cipta Kerja — art. 109(2) introduces PT Perorangan.
• PP 55/2022 UMKM Final 0.5%; art. 56–60 (scope, exclusions, 7/4/3-y clock).
• PP 23/2018 predecessor UMKM regime (still relevant for clock).
• PP 8/2021 PT Perorangan implementing rules.
• PP 7/2021 PT Perorangan micro / small criteria.
• PP 58/2023 TER schedule for PPh 21.
• PP 34/2017 PPh 4(2) rent of immovable property.
• PP 9/2022 PPh 4(2) construction services.
• PMK 168/2023 PPh 21 TER from 1 January 2024.
• PMK 197/2013 as amended — PKP threshold Rp4.8B.
• PMK 164/2023 PP 55/2022 implementing rules.
• PMK 18/2021 qualified expat 4-year regime (out of scope).
• PMK 136/2023 NPWP-as-NIK from 1 July 2024.
• PER-24/PJ/2024 Coretax DJP go-live.
• PER-06/PJ/2024 NPWP-as-NIK procedures.
• PER-17/PJ/2015 KLU classifications.
• KMK 360/KMK.03/2024 Coretax effective date.
• UU 40/2007 Perseroan Terbatas; UU 24/2011 BPJS; UU 40/2004 SJSN.

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Change log

• v1.0 (May 2026): Initial intake skill for the Indonesian freelance / SME workflow. Routes to id-pph-final-umkm, id-income-tax, id-corporate-tax, id-withholding, id-payroll-pph21, indonesia-vat, id-bookkeeping, id-einvoice-coretax, id-formation, id-tax-optimization, id-return-assembly. Reflects UU 7/2021 (HPP), PP 55/2022 (UMKM), UU 11/2020 (PT Perorangan), and Coretax DJP go-live for tax year 2025.

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Disclaimer

This skill and its outputs are provided for informational and computational purposes only and do not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. OpenAccountants and its contributors accept no liability for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this skill. All outputs must be reviewed and signed off by a qualified Indonesian tax professional (Konsultan Pajak with Brevet A/B/C, or an Akuntan Publik where audited financials are required) before filing with the DJP via Coretax or acting upon.

The most up-to-date, verified version of this skill is maintained at openaccountants.com.

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OpenAccountants — open-source accounting skills for AI This output must be reviewed by a qualified professional before filing or acting upon. Latest verified skills: openaccountants.com | Report errors: github.com/openaccountants/openaccountants

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