Inheritance and succession in Malta for families: there is no inheritance tax as such, but duty on documents and transfers is due when Maltese property or shares pass on death. Covers the declaration causa mortis and its deadline, who pays, valuation, the family home and surviving spouse reliefs, family business relief, share notices, gifts to children and spouses, the reserved portion under the Civil Code, foreign heirs, and tax when inherited property is sold later.
Accountant-authored. Written and published by Michael Cutajar, an accountant approved on OpenAccountants. Their licence number (CPA Warrant, Malta · ACCA) is published on their profile, so you can check it against the register yourself. No second accountant has attested to this version yet. General reference material, not advice on your specific facts; don't file, pay, or take a position on it without a professional reviewing your situation.
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| Item | Value | Note (verbatim, Cap. 364) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/364/eng/pdf |
| Art. 32(1): immovables, including the declaration causa mortis for deaths on or after 23 November 1999 | five euro for every one hundred euro or part of the value or consideration, whichever is higher | "a duty of five euro (5.00) for every one" |
| Art. 35(1)(a)(i): slice of the deceased's ordinary residence not taken into account, on any transfer causa mortis | EUR 35,000 | "The first thirty-five thousand euro (35,000)" |
| Art. 35(2)(i): reduced rate for an heir who occupies the deceased's ordinary residence as their own ordinary residence | three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro, on that heir's share of the value above EUR 35,000 and up to EUR 200,000 | "three euro and fifty cents" ... "which exceeds thirty-five thousand euro" ... "but not two hundred thousand euro" |
| Art. 32C: gift of immovable property to a descendant in the direct line for their sole ordinary residence | first EUR 250,000 not taken into account, the rest at three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro | "no account shall be taken of the first two hundred and" ... "fifty thousand euro" |
| Art. 41C(1): registered family business transferred as a going concern, commercial tenement used in it for at least three years | first EUR 500,000 at three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro | "duty shall be charged on the first five hundred thousand euro" |
| Art. 41C(2): shares or interests in a registered family business transferred by an individual to family members | first EUR 150,000 of value not taken into account | "no account shall be taken of the first one hundred and fifty thousand euro" |
| Art. 42(1): shares (marketable securities), including the notice of a transfer causa mortis under art. 45 | two euro for every one hundred euro of the consideration or real value, whichever is higher | "A duty of two euro for every one hundred euro or part" |
| Art. 42(2)(a): increase where seventy-five percent or more of the company's assets, leaving out current assets other than immovable property, is immovable property | three euro for every one hundred euro on top of the share rate | "increased by three euro for every one hundred euro" |
| Art. 52(4)(a) (inherited immovables, declaration under art. 33): additional duty where the declared value is less than eighty-five per centum of the real value; art. 10(2) applies the same addition to other documents | 20% of the duty assessed | "an additional duty equivalent to twenty per centum (20%)" |
| Art. 48: penalty for failing to comply with art. 32, 33, 45 and others, for each omission | from EUR 25 to EUR 1,000, plus interest | "twenty-five euro" ... "but not exceeding one thousand euro" |
| Art. 45(1)(b) (notice on death) and art. 42(1)(a)(ii) (transfers during life): shares in a company registered outside Malta, and for art. 45(1)(b) also interests in a partnership registered outside Malta, are caught where the heir is ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta (art. 45(1)(b)), or where the transfer is made to or by an individual who is ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta, or by any other person (other than a person referred to in article 47(3)) owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such an individual or acting on behalf of one (art. 42(1)(a)(ii)), and the company or partnership has | more than 50% of its business interests in Malta, directly or indirectly | "having, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of its business interests in Malta" |
Figures are for tax year 2026. This Guide covers what Malta charges when a person dies and Maltese immovable property or shares pass to heirs, what changes when the same assets are given away during life, and what the heir pays on selling inherited property later. Every rule below is taken from the consolidated texts on legislation.mt: the Duty on Documents and Transfers Act (Cap. 364), the Duty on Documents and Transfers Rules (S.L. 364.06), the Income Tax Act (Cap. 123) and the Civil Code (Cap. 16). Duty applies by the date of death or of the deed, not by an income year.
None of the four texts above names an inheritance tax or an estate tax. What Malta charges on death is duty under the Duty on Documents and Transfers Act on two documents: the declaration of a transfer causa mortis of immovable property (article 33) and the notice of a transfer causa mortis of shares or partnership interests (article 45). The Income Tax Act defines "transfer" for capital gains in article 5 and says the term "does not include a transfer causa mortis", so death itself is not a capital gains event. Tax on gains comes later, when the heir sells. So the accurate statement is: no inheritance tax as such, but duty on inherited Maltese immovables and shares, and tax on a later sale.
| Item | Value | Note (verbatim, Cap. 364) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/364/eng/pdf |
| Art. 32(1): immovables, including the declaration causa mortis for deaths on or after 23 November 1999 | five euro for every one hundred euro or part of the value or consideration, whichever is higher | "a duty of five euro (5.00) for every one" |
| Art. 35(1)(a)(i): slice of the deceased's ordinary residence not taken into account, on any transfer causa mortis | EUR 35,000 | "The first thirty-five thousand euro (35,000)" |
| Art. 35(2)(i): reduced rate for an heir who occupies the deceased's ordinary residence as their own ordinary residence | three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro, on that heir's share of the value above EUR 35,000 and up to EUR 200,000 | "three euro and fifty cents" ... "which exceeds thirty-five thousand euro" ... "but not two hundred thousand euro" |
| Art. 32C: gift of immovable property to a descendant in the direct line for their sole ordinary residence | first EUR 250,000 not taken into account, the rest at three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro | "no account shall be taken of the first two hundred and" ... "fifty thousand euro" |
| Art. 41C(1): registered family business transferred as a going concern, commercial tenement used in it for at least three years | first EUR 500,000 at three euro and fifty cents for every one hundred euro | "duty shall be charged on the first five hundred thousand euro" |
| Art. 41C(2): shares or interests in a registered family business transferred by an individual to family members | first EUR 150,000 of value not taken into account | "no account shall be taken of the first one hundred and fifty thousand euro" |
| Art. 42(1): shares (marketable securities), including the notice of a transfer causa mortis under art. 45 | two euro for every one hundred euro of the consideration or real value, whichever is higher | "A duty of two euro for every one hundred euro or part" |
| Art. 42(2)(a): increase where seventy-five percent or more of the company's assets, leaving out current assets other than immovable property, is immovable property | three euro for every one hundred euro on top of the share rate | "increased by three euro for every one hundred euro" |
| Art. 52(4)(a) (inherited immovables, declaration under art. 33): additional duty where the declared value is less than eighty-five per centum of the real value; art. 10(2) applies the same addition to other documents | 20% of the duty assessed | "an additional duty equivalent to twenty per centum (20%)" |
| Art. 48: penalty for failing to comply with art. 32, 33, 45 and others, for each omission | from EUR 25 to EUR 1,000, plus interest | "twenty-five euro" ... "but not exceeding one thousand euro" |
| Art. 45(1)(b) (notice on death) and art. 42(1)(a)(ii) (transfers during life): shares in a company registered outside Malta, and for art. 45(1)(b) also interests in a partnership registered outside Malta, are caught where the heir is ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta (art. 45(1)(b)), or where the transfer is made to or by an individual who is ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta, or by any other person (other than a person referred to in article 47(3)) owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such an individual or acting on behalf of one (art. 42(1)(a)(ii)), and the company or partnership has | more than 50% of its business interests in Malta, directly or indirectly | "having, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of its business interests in Malta" |
Who must declare and who pays. Article 33(1) of Cap. 364 puts the duty to declare on every person to whom "immovable property is transferred causa mortis". The declaration is a public deed. Tutors, curators, testamentary executors and trustees must make it in the same way as the heir (article 33(6)). An heir who has not yet accepted the inheritance may still declare, and the declaration alone is not evidence of acceptance (article 33(5)). Under article 49(1), the transferee and the notary who publishes the declaration are "jointly and severally liable to pay the duty chargeable on such" deed; the notary's liability is limited to the duty on the values declared in the deed.
Rate. The normal rate is the article 32(1) rate in the table above, on the value of each heir's share. It is printed in words, not as a percentage.
Deadline. Rule 4(1) of S.L. 364.06 says the declaration "shall be made within six months of" the transfer causa mortis, that is, of the death. Rule 5 gives a small rebate (table below) that is lost on property declared more than six months after the death. Separately, article 35(4)(ii) of Cap. 364 charges interest on unpaid duty for each year or part after the first anniversary of the death where the declaration is made more than one year after it, capped at the duty due. The penalty in article 48 (table above) applies to each omission.
The family home and the surviving spouse. These are in articles 32(3) and 35 of Cap. 364. The first three, and art. 35(2)(i), cover only the dwelling house that was the deceased's ordinary residence; the others say what they cover.
The words "at the time of the transfer" in art. 35(2)(iii) and (v) are the Act's own; the saved text does not say what happens on a later sale or transfer of that house. Ask the notary. Article 35(4)(i) calls the relief in (2)(v) an "exemption or relief" and refers to "a claim for the exemption".
Under article 45(1)(a) of Cap. 364, a person to whom an interest in a partnership registered in Malta, or shares in a company registered in Malta, pass on death must give notice to the Registrar of Companies. Rule 7(1) of S.L. 364.06 sets the term: "not later than six months after the happening of the transfer causa mortis". Rule 7(1) still refers to "article 46 of the Act" and to shares in a "limited liability company registered in Malta"; the saved rules set no term for partnership interests or for the article 45(1)(b) notice to the Commissioner. The Registrar does not accept the notice unless the Commissioner has marked the duty as paid on it (rule 7(4)).
Duty on the notice is the article 42(1) share rate in the table above (article 42(1)(c)), on the real value of the shares. If seventy-five percent or more of the company's assets, leaving out current assets other than immovable property, is immovable property or rights over it, the increase in article 42(2)(a) is added; for deaths, this applies where the deceased died on or after 1 January 2000. Article 42(2)(b) adds the same increase where the company holds such a property company, subject to the aggregate test in its proviso.
Family business relief (article 41C). Article 41C(2) of Cap. 364 applies "For the purposes of paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of article 42(1)", so it reaches the notice on death as well as a gift or sale. When an individual transfers shares, or interests in a partnership, trust or foundation, to family members as defined in the Family Business Act (Cap. 565), and they are held in a family business that carries on a business, the first slice of value in the table above is not taken into account. All of these must hold:
Article 41C(1) gives the reduced rate on the first slice in the table above for a commercial tenement transferred with a registered family business as a going concern, where the property was used in the business for at least three years before the transfer. The notary must record a written declaration by "the individual so transferring and the person so acquiring". If the property is transferred inter vivos, or stops being used in the business, "during the first three years from the date of acquisition", the duty saved becomes payable within fifteen working days (art. 41C(1) provisos and 41C(5)). The article is printed in the consolidated Act and no end date appears in its text.
Rule 3(1)(a) of S.L. 364.06 values property transmitted causa mortis at the date of death, and rule 3(2) takes the full ownership at "the average price which such property would fetch if sold on the open market on that date". The heir states the true value of each property in the declaration (art. 33(3) of Cap. 364). If the declared value is less than eighty-five per centum of the real value established by the Commissioner, or no declaration has been made, article 52 of Cap. 364 lets him assess the duty. Where the declared value is less than eighty-five per centum of the real value, article 52(4)(a) adds the additional duty in the table above. Where no declaration has been made, he may not assess after thirty years from the death (article 52(1)). Under rule 3A of S.L. 364.06 the heir may produce a warranted Perit's report; it is not valid if drawn up later than twelve months from the date of death, and where the declared value is not less than eighty-five per centum of the Perit's value, duty is paid on the declared value, subject to the Commissioner's right not to accept the valuation.
| Item | Value | Note (verbatim, S.L. 364.06) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/sl/364.6/eng/pdf |
| Rule 5(1): rebate on a declaration causa mortis where the total duty is below the threshold | EUR 250 | "for the purposes of article 34 of the Act, be rebated by an amount of" |
| Rule 5(1): duty threshold for the rebate | EUR 2,300 | "less than two thousand and three hundred euro (2,300)" |
The rebate is reduced to the duty itself where it exceeds it, applies cumulatively to all declarations by one heir on one death, and does not apply to property declared more than six months after the death (rule 5(2) and (3)).
A donation is a "transfer" under article 2 of Cap. 364, so duty applies at the normal rates in the Cap. 364 table, with these reliefs:
Income tax on the gift: article 5(2)(e) of the Income Tax Act treats a donation as a sale at market value, but "no tax shall be payable" where the donation is made to the spouse, descendants and ascendants in the direct line and their spouses, or with no descendants to brothers or sisters and their descendants; article 5(3)(f) applies that rule to shares. Article 5A(4)(a) exempts the same family donations of immovable property from the property transfer tax. The donee carries the donor's history: see the section on selling below.
| Item | Value | Note (verbatim, Cap. 123) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/123/eng/pdf |
| Art. 5A(5)(b): property inherited causa mortis after 24 November 1992, or donated more than five years before the sale | 12% of the excess of transfer value over acquisition value | "shall be chargeable at 12% of the excess, if any, of the transfer value over its acquisition value" |
| Art. 5A(5)(c): property inherited causa mortis before 25 November 1992, or inherited later and sold by judicial sale by auction | 7% of the transfer value | "shall be chargeable at the rate of 7% of the transfer value. (d)" |
| Art. 5A(5)(a): general rate for transfers on or after 1 January 2015 | 8% of the transfer value | "shall be chargeable at the rate of 8% of the transfer value" |
| Art. 5A(5)(e): transfer on or after 1 January 2015 not later than five years after acquisition | 5% of the transfer value | "shall be chargeable at the rate of 5% of the transfer value: Provided that, for the purposes of determining" |
For property the seller inherited after 24 November 1992, the tax is the article 5A(5)(b) rate on the gain, not on the price. The seller may elect out of paragraph (b) by a declaration to the notary recorded in the deed; the general rate in paragraph (a) then applies to the price. For property received by donation (not inherited), paragraph (b) does not apply where the seller developed it into more than one transferable property. For property inherited before 25 November 1992, paragraph (c) charges the lower rate on the whole price. The acquisition value "shall be determined in such manner as may be prescribed" (art. 5A(6)(b)); the prescribed rules are not among the pages read for this Guide. For property received by donation five years or less before the sale, the seller is treated as acquiring it on the donor's own acquisition date (proviso to art. 5A(5)(b)).
An heir who lived in the property may qualify for the own-residence exemption in article 5A(4)(c), which requires a dwelling house, not part of a project, owned and occupied as the seller's own residence for at least three consecutive years immediately before the sale, AND disposed of within twelve months of vacating it ("or such other period or condition as may be prescribed"), AND declared to the Commissioner as the seller's main residence by an election; where the property was inherited from a direct ascendant or from the spouse, the period during which the deceased owned and occupied it as their own residence is deemed a period during which the heir owned it (provisos (ii) and (v) to article 5A(4)(c)). For the rest of the property transfer rules, the seller's final tax mechanics and filing, use the Guides mt-capital-gains, mt-property-transfer-tax-the-sale-immovable and how-to-submit-capital-gain-taxes-in-malta. This Guide does not repeat them.
| Item | Value | Note (verbatim, Cap. 16) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/16/eng/pdf |
| Art. 615(1): what the reserved portion is | a right on the estate in favour of the descendants and the surviving spouse | "The reserved portion is the right on the estate of the" |
| Art. 615(2): its nature | a credit of its value against the estate | "The said right is a credit of the value of the reserved portion against the estate of the deceased." |
| Art. 616(1): children (born in or out of wedlock, or adopted) | one-third of the value of the estate for up to four children, one-half for five or more, shared equally | "such children are not more than four in number or one-half of such value if they are five or more" |
| Art. 620(2): base | the whole estate after debts and funeral expenses | "deducting the debts due by the estate, and the funeral expenses" |
| Art. 631: surviving spouse with children or descendants | one-fourth of the value of the estate in full ownership | "surviving spouse shall be entitled to one-fourth of" |
| Art. 632: surviving spouse with no children or descendants | one-third of the value of the estate in full ownership | "the surviving spouse shall be entitled to one-third of the value" |
Gifts made by the deceased under a gratuitous title are added back to the estate when the reserved portion is worked out, except education expenses for children or descendants (art. 620(3)). The testator may not attach a burden or condition to the reserved portion (art. 620(1)). Interest runs on the credit from the opening of succession only if it is claimed within two years; otherwise from service of a judicial act (art. 615(2)). The surviving spouse also has a right of habitation over the tenement occupied as principal residence at the death, where the deceased held it in full ownership or emphyteusis, alone or jointly with the spouse (art. 633(1)). Which country's succession law governs a cross-border estate is outside this Guide: see succession-and-forced-heirship-compared.
The duty to declare inherited immovables in article 33 of Cap. 364 falls on every person to whom "immovable property is transferred causa mortis"; the saved text of articles 32 and 33 sets no condition on the residence or domicile of the deceased or the heir. The notice of shares in article 45(1)(a) covers shares in a company registered in Malta and partnership interests registered in Malta, again with no residence condition. Shares in a company registered outside Malta that has, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of its business interests in Malta need a notice to the Commissioner under article 45(1)(b) only "where the transferee causa mortis is ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta". A foreign heir who later sells inherited Maltese property is covered by article 5A of the Income Tax Act as above. Whether a foreign estate tax is also due, and any treaty or credit, is a matter for the other country: refer.
The amounts below are hypothetical and chosen only to show the arithmetic. They are not values from any page.
Example 1: a parent dies in 2026. A widowed parent dies in 2026 leaving, in equal halves to two children, a Malta apartment that was let to tenants (not the parent's ordinary residence), valued at EUR 800,000 at the date of death, and all the shares in a Malta-registered trading company with a real value of EUR 600,000. The company is not a property company and is not a registered family business. Both children declare within six months.
| Step | Amount | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/364/eng/pdf |
| Apartment value at death (hypothetical) | EUR 800,000 | assumption |
| Each child's half of the apartment | EUR 400,000 | half each |
| Duty on each child's declaration, at five euro for every one hundred euro (art. 32(1)) | EUR 20,000 | EUR 400,000 / 100 x 5 |
| Apartment duty for both children | EUR 40,000 | two declarations |
| Company shares, real value at death (hypothetical) | EUR 600,000 | assumption |
| Each child's half of the shares | EUR 300,000 | half each |
| Duty on each child's half, at two euro for every one hundred euro (art. 42(1)(c)) | EUR 6,000 | EUR 300,000 / 100 x 2 |
| Share duty for both children | EUR 12,000 | two halves |
No relief for the ordinary residence applies because the apartment was let. Had it been the parent's ordinary residence, article 35(2)(v) would give no duty at the time of the transfer on it, provided the deed is made within one year and notice is given on time. The rule 5 rebate does not apply because each child's duty is above the threshold.
Variant: the company is a property company. If seventy-five percent or more of the company's assets, leaving out current assets other than immovable property, were immovable property, article 42(2)(a) adds three euro for every one hundred euro.
| Step | Amount | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/364/eng/pdf |
| Increase on each child's half (art. 42(2)(a)) | EUR 9,000 | EUR 300,000 / 100 x 3 |
| Share duty plus increase, each child | EUR 15,000 | share rate plus increase |
Example 2: the children sell the apartment later. In 2032, more than five years after the death, the two children sell the apartment together for EUR 1,000,000. Each child is a separate seller of a half. The acquisition value is taken here, as an assumption, as each child's half of the value declared at death; the prescribed rules in article 5A(6)(b) decide it in practice.
| Step | Amount | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Source | all figures below | https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/123/eng/pdf |
| Sale price for the whole apartment (hypothetical) | EUR 1,000,000 | assumption |
| Each child's transfer value | EUR 500,000 | half each |
| Each child's acquisition value (assumption: half the value declared at death) | EUR 400,000 | assumption |
| Each child's gain | EUR 100,000 | EUR 500,000 minus EUR 400,000 |
| Tax for each child at 12% of the gain (art. 5A(5)(b)) | EUR 12,000 | EUR 100,000 x 12 / 100 |
| Tax for both children | EUR 24,000 | two sellers |
| For comparison only: both elect out, 8% of the whole price (art. 5A(5)(a)) | EUR 80,000 | EUR 1,000,000 x 8 / 100 |
| For comparison only: inherited before 25 November 1992, 7% of the whole price (art. 5A(5)(c)) | EUR 70,000 | EUR 1,000,000 x 7 / 100 |
Reading the 12% as a charge on the price would give a much larger and wrong figure. The rate applies to the gain.
succession-and-forced-heirship-compared.mt-foundations-and-trusts.mt-family-office-setup. Residence of a family moving to Malta: see mt-residence-programmes-for-wealthy-families.This Guide is a working reference for a professional. It is not legal or tax advice on a particular estate.
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None of the four texts above names an inheritance tax or an estate tax. What Malta charges on death is duty under the [Duty on Documents and Transfers Act](https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/364/eng/pdf) on two documents: the declaration of a transfer causa mortis of immovable property (article 33) and the notice of a tra…
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