Cross-border tax in Bosnia and Herzegovina for tax year 2026: payments to non-residents, non-residents working in BiH, and residents with income from abroad. Set out separately for the Federation of BiH (FBiH), Republika Srpska (RS) and Brčko District (BD), with VAT at state level. Covers withholding tax on dividends, interest, royalties and services (FBiH 5% and 10%, RS 10%, BD 10% with dividends exempt); treaty relief, residence certificates and forms (OP-820, POD-815 to 819, RS Form 10); the 38 treaty partners; permanent establishment tests; non-residents selling BiH property or shares; non-resident individuals; VAT on services bought from abroad (17%, reverse charge); foreign tax credits for companies and individuals. Trigger phrases: porez po odbitku nerezident, withholding tax Bosnia, ugovor o izbjegavanju dvostrukog oporezivanja, potvrda o rezidentnosti, stalno mjesto poslovanja, reverse charge BiH. Out of scope: transfer pricing (ba-transfer-pricing), profit tax (ba-corporate-income-tax), personal income tax (bosnia-income-tax), VAT returns (bosnia-vat).
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| Item | Rate or amount | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FBiH withholding: dividends | 5% of gross (lower under a treaty) | 2026 | FBiH profit tax law art. 38(6), (7): https://ik.imagekit.io/9qcwbg8wl/15-16_i_15-20-zakon-o-porezu-na-dobit-precisceni_07YP9wNd9.pdf |
| FBiH withholding: interest, royalties, management, technical and training services (including market research, tax advice, audit and consulting), rent, entertainment and sport, insurance, telecoms; other services only to non-treaty countries | 10% of gross (lower under a treaty) | 2026 | FBiH art. 38(1), (7) |
| RS withholding: dividends, interest, royalties, entertainment and sport, professional, scientific, technical and educational services, insurance, telecoms, movable rent; other services only to non-treaty countries | 10% (the separate 5% dividend rate was deleted from 2017) | 2026 | RS law art. 44 and art. 45 as amended by 1/17 arts. 15, 16: https://www.poreskaupravars.org/dokumenti/zakoni/ZakonoizmdopDobit.pdf |
| BD withholding: interest, entertainment and sport, management, consulting, financial, technical and administrative services, insurance, royalties, movable rent | 10% of the gross payment; dividends exempt | 2026 | BD profit tax law arts. 29, 30: https://skupstinabd.ba/3-zakon/ba/Zakon%20o%20porezu%20na%20dobit/05B17-22%20Zakon%20o%20porezu%20na%20dobit%20-%20prec--is--eni%20tekst.pdf |
| Residence certificate for treaty relief | No older than one year | 2026 | FBiH art. 40(1); RS art. 52(1) as amended by 1/17 art. 19; FBiH Rulebook 39/26 art. 110(3) |
| Treaty partners in force | 38 states (MFT list) | 2026 | https://www.mft.gov.ba/Content/Read/sporazumi-u-primjeni |
| Example treaty: Croatia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10%; building site PE after 12 months | 2026 | Treaty arts. 5(3), 10, 11, 12: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskala/BiH-Hrvatska_-_Komb._tekst_-__bos_-_28.12..pdf |
| Example treaty: Serbia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Treaty arts. 10, 11, 12: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/BiH_-_Srbija_-_bos._verzija.pdf |
| Treaty: Austria | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 5%, nil on credit sales of industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or of goods between enterprises, and on loans granted, secured or guaranteed by a state bank or the central bank; royalties 5% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), (3), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Datoteke/PDF/Fiskala%20sporazumi/MLA%20novi/Austrija_bos.pdf |
| Treaty: Germany (1987 Yugoslavia treaty, applied with BiH) | Interest taxable only in the recipient's state (nil in BiH); royalties 10%. Article 11 limits only German tax on dividends paid to a BiH resident (15%); it sets no limit for dividends paid by a BiH company | 2026 | Agreement arts. 11(1), 12(1), 13(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/SPORAZUM_SA_NJEMA%C4%8CKOM-_engleski_jezik.pdf |
| Treaty: Italy (1982 Yugoslavia convention, applied with BiH) | Dividends 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), 12(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/Italija.pdf |
| Treaty: Netherlands (1982 Yugoslavia treaty, applied with BiH) | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 15%; interest taxable only in the recipient's state (nil in BiH); royalties 10% | 2026 | Treaty arts. 10(2), 11(1), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/BiH-Holandija_-_bos._verzija.pdf |
| Treaty: Slovenia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 7%, nil when paid by or to the government, a political subdivision, a local authority or the central bank, or on loans granted, guaranteed or insured by the institution authorised under domestic law to insure and finance international business transactions; royalties 5% | 2026 | Agreement arts. 10(2), 11(2), (3), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/BiH_-_Slovenija_-_bos._verzija_.pdf |
| Treaty: Turkey | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 15%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), 12(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Datoteke/PDF/Fiskala%20sporazumi/Turkey_eng.pdf |
| PE: building or installation site | FBiH more than 6 months; RS more than 12 months (from 2026); BD no minimum in the law | 2026 | FBiH art. 6(3); RS art. 41(1)(2) as amended by 114/25 art. 13: https://poreskaupravars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dobit-1.pdf; BD art. 2(p) |
| PE: services, FBiH | More than 3 months in any 12-month period on the same or connected project | 2026 | FBiH art. 6(4); Rulebook 39/26 art. 11(2)(c) |
| Non-resident individual, occasional independent work | 10% final, no allowance | 2026 | FBiH PIT art. 30(1): https://www.pufbih.ba/v1/public/upload/zakoni/d9bf6-zakon-o-porezu-na-dohodak-ispravan-tekst.pdf; RS PIT art. 61a (110/24): https://poreskaupravars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Scan29012025.pdf; BD PIT art. 31(1) |
| VAT on services from abroad | 17% paid by the BiH business customer | 2026 | VAT Law arts. 13(1)(3), 23: https://www.uino.gov.ba/portal/wp-content/uploads/PROPISI/2_Porezi/1_PDV/1_Zakon_o_PDV/B/B-1-Zakon_o_PDV-b.pdf |
| Late-payment interest | FBiH 0.04% a day; RS 0.03% a day; BD 0.03% a day capped at principal; VAT 0.04% a day | 2026 | FBiH: https://pufbih.ba/v1/public/upload/zakoni/1%20Zakon%20o%20visini%20stope%20zatezne%20kamate%20na%20javne%20prihode%20-%20PRECISCEN%20TEKST.pdf; RS ZPP art. 60; BD ZPU art. 68; VAT: https://www.uino.gov.ba/portal/wp-content/uploads/PROPISI/1_UIO/3_Zakon_o_postupku_indirektnog_oporeivanja/1_Zakon/B/B-1-1-Zakon-o-izmjenama-Zakona-o-postupku-indirektnog-oporezivanja-Sluzbeni-glasnik-BiH-broj-10013.pdf |
Direct taxes in Bosnia and Herzegovina are set by the two entities and Brčko District, each with its own law. VAT and the treaty network are state-level.
The payer's seat decides which entity's withholding rules apply. Amounts are in convertible marks (KM, BAM).
Between the entities and BD, the same credits apply as for foreign tax (FBiH art. 32(1); RS art. 51; BD art. 23).
| Item | Rate or amount | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FBiH withholding: dividends | 5% of gross (lower under a treaty) | 2026 | FBiH profit tax law art. 38(6), (7): https://ik.imagekit.io/9qcwbg8wl/15-16_i_15-20-zakon-o-porezu-na-dobit-precisceni_07YP9wNd9.pdf |
| FBiH withholding: interest, royalties, management, technical and training services (including market research, tax advice, audit and consulting), rent, entertainment and sport, insurance, telecoms; other services only to non-treaty countries | 10% of gross (lower under a treaty) | 2026 | FBiH art. 38(1), (7) |
| RS withholding: dividends, interest, royalties, entertainment and sport, professional, scientific, technical and educational services, insurance, telecoms, movable rent; other services only to non-treaty countries | 10% (the separate 5% dividend rate was deleted from 2017) | 2026 | RS law art. 44 and art. 45 as amended by 1/17 arts. 15, 16: https://www.poreskaupravars.org/dokumenti/zakoni/ZakonoizmdopDobit.pdf |
| BD withholding: interest, entertainment and sport, management, consulting, financial, technical and administrative services, insurance, royalties, movable rent | 10% of the gross payment; dividends exempt | 2026 | BD profit tax law arts. 29, 30: https://skupstinabd.ba/3-zakon/ba/Zakon%20o%20porezu%20na%20dobit/05B17-22%20Zakon%20o%20porezu%20na%20dobit%20-%20prec--is--eni%20tekst.pdf |
| Residence certificate for treaty relief | No older than one year | 2026 | FBiH art. 40(1); RS art. 52(1) as amended by 1/17 art. 19; FBiH Rulebook 39/26 art. 110(3) |
| Treaty partners in force | 38 states (MFT list) | 2026 | https://www.mft.gov.ba/Content/Read/sporazumi-u-primjeni |
| Example treaty: Croatia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10%; building site PE after 12 months | 2026 | Treaty arts. 5(3), 10, 11, 12: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskala/BiH-Hrvatska_-_Komb._tekst_-__bos_-_28.12..pdf |
| Example treaty: Serbia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Treaty arts. 10, 11, 12: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/BiH_-_Srbija_-_bos._verzija.pdf |
| Treaty: Austria | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 5%, nil on credit sales of industrial, commercial or scientific equipment or of goods between enterprises, and on loans granted, secured or guaranteed by a state bank or the central bank; royalties 5% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), (3), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Datoteke/PDF/Fiskala%20sporazumi/MLA%20novi/Austrija_bos.pdf |
| Treaty: Germany (1987 Yugoslavia treaty, applied with BiH) | Interest taxable only in the recipient's state (nil in BiH); royalties 10%. Article 11 limits only German tax on dividends paid to a BiH resident (15%); it sets no limit for dividends paid by a BiH company | 2026 | Agreement arts. 11(1), 12(1), 13(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/SPORAZUM_SA_NJEMA%C4%8CKOM-_engleski_jezik.pdf |
| Treaty: Italy (1982 Yugoslavia convention, applied with BiH) | Dividends 10%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), 12(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/fiskala%20sporazumi/Italija.pdf |
| Treaty: Netherlands (1982 Yugoslavia treaty, applied with BiH) | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 15%; interest taxable only in the recipient's state (nil in BiH); royalties 10% | 2026 | Treaty arts. 10(2), 11(1), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/BiH-Holandija_-_bos._verzija.pdf |
| Treaty: Slovenia | Dividends 5% (company holding at least 25% directly) or 10%; interest 7%, nil when paid by or to the government, a political subdivision, a local authority or the central bank, or on loans granted, guaranteed or insured by the institution authorised under domestic law to insure and finance international business transactions; royalties 5% | 2026 | Agreement arts. 10(2), 11(2), (3), 12(2), MFT combined text with the MLI: https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Fiskalni%20sporazumi%202/BiH_-_Slovenija_-_bos._verzija_.pdf |
| Treaty: Turkey | Dividends 5% (company, not a partnership, holding at least 25% directly) or 15%; interest 10%; royalties 10% | 2026 | Convention arts. 10(2), 11(2), 12(2): https://chj.mft.gov.ba/data/Datoteke/PDF/Fiskala%20sporazumi/Turkey_eng.pdf |
| PE: building or installation site | FBiH more than 6 months; RS more than 12 months (from 2026); BD no minimum in the law | 2026 | FBiH art. 6(3); RS art. 41(1)(2) as amended by 114/25 art. 13: https://poreskaupravars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dobit-1.pdf; BD art. 2(p) |
| PE: services, FBiH | More than 3 months in any 12-month period on the same or connected project | 2026 | FBiH art. 6(4); Rulebook 39/26 art. 11(2)(c) |
| Non-resident individual, occasional independent work | 10% final, no allowance | 2026 | FBiH PIT art. 30(1): https://www.pufbih.ba/v1/public/upload/zakoni/d9bf6-zakon-o-porezu-na-dohodak-ispravan-tekst.pdf; RS PIT art. 61a (110/24): https://poreskaupravars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Scan29012025.pdf; BD PIT art. 31(1) |
| VAT on services from abroad | 17% paid by the BiH business customer | 2026 | VAT Law arts. 13(1)(3), 23: https://www.uino.gov.ba/portal/wp-content/uploads/PROPISI/2_Porezi/1_PDV/1_Zakon_o_PDV/B/B-1-Zakon_o_PDV-b.pdf |
| Late-payment interest | FBiH 0.04% a day; RS 0.03% a day; BD 0.03% a day capped at principal; VAT 0.04% a day | 2026 | FBiH: https://pufbih.ba/v1/public/upload/zakoni/1%20Zakon%20o%20visini%20stope%20zatezne%20kamate%20na%20javne%20prihode%20-%20PRECISCEN%20TEKST.pdf; RS ZPP art. 60; BD ZPU art. 68; VAT: https://www.uino.gov.ba/portal/wp-content/uploads/PROPISI/1_UIO/3_Zakon_o_postupku_indirektnog_oporeivanja/1_Zakon/B/B-1-1-Zakon-o-izmjenama-Zakona-o-postupku-indirektnog-oporezivanja-Sluzbeni-glasnik-BiH-broj-10013.pdf |
Withholding base.
Non-residents selling BiH assets.
Permanent establishment.
Foreign income of residents.
VAT on services from abroad. Services are supplied where the supplier is established, with exceptions (VAT Law art. 15). Licences and IP, advertising, consultancy, engineering, legal, audit, accounting, translation and data processing, financial and insurance services, staff supply, telecoms and hire of movable goods other than transport are supplied where the customer is established (art. 15(2)(4)). If such a service comes from a supplier with no seat in BiH and no tax representative, the BiH business customer is liable (art. 13(1)(3)). Services linked to BiH real estate are taxed in BiH whoever supplies them (art. 15(2)(1)). Imported goods bear 17% VAT at customs (see bosnia-vat).
| What | FBiH | RS | BD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Withhold | At payment (art. 38(4)) | At payment (art. 44(1); Rulebook 115/17 art. 2(2)) | At each payment (arts. 29(1), 30(1)) |
| Pay and report | Within 10 days after the month of payment, on POD-815 (dividends), POD-816 (interest), POD-817 (royalties), POD-818 (other income), POD-819 (property and rights) (art. 38(5); Rulebook 39/26 arts. 1, 111 to 115) | Annual withholding return within 30 days after the year end (art. 38(2), added by 1/17 art. 13; Rulebook 115/17 art. 14) | Annual withholding return by 31 March (arts. 22, 32) |
| Treaty exemption claim | Form OP-820 by the 20th of the month after payment, certified by the recipient and the foreign tax authority, or with a residence certificate no older than one year; electronic only from 1 January 2026 (Rulebook 39/26 art. 110) | Residence certificate no older than one year, and for a reduced rate a certified statement on Form 10, before payment; for continuous services once a year before the first payment (law art. 52; Rulebook 115/17 art. 13) | Proof of the treaty right given to the payer (art. 31(2)) |
| Non-resident sale of property or shares | Non-resident files and pays within 30 days, or the buyer or the company becomes liable (art. 39(3), (4)) | Annual return (art. 43(3)) | Annual return (art. 26(3)) |
| PE contract notice | Resident reports a contract with a non-resident acting through a PE within 5 days (art. 42) | ||
| Foreign tax credit | Form PK-814 with the profit tax return (Rulebook 39/26 art. 1) | With the profit tax return (art. 50(3)) | With the return (art. 27(4), (5)) |
| VAT on services from abroad | Paid by the 10th of the following month; value in box 21, the VAT in box 41 once paid (VAT Law art. 39; UIO instructions 47/22) | same | same |
Residence certificates for BiH residents. In the FBiH a company applies on Form ZCOR-103, with its last profit tax return. The certificate covers one tax period. It is issued on Form COR-104(A) for treaty relief, COR-104(B) for non-treaty countries and COR-104(C) to prove residence for other purposes. The FBiH tax office can also certify the other country's own form (Pravilnik o poreznoj rezidentnosti arts. 19, 20). The RS Tax Administration issues a foreign recipient, on request, a certificate of the RS tax withheld from it (RS law art. 49).
A Banja Luka company is 100% owned by a Zagreb company. In 2026 it pays the parent a dividend of KM 200,000 and interest of KM 50,000. It also pays a Zagreb consultancy KM 30,000 for advice given remotely. The consultancy has no PE or tax representative in BiH. The company is registered for VAT. All recipients give a Croatian residence certificate dated this year, and the parent signs Form 10 for the reduced dividend rate.
Domestic RS withholding would be 10% on all three, KM 28,000 (arts. 44, 45). Under the BiH–Croatia treaty: dividends to a company holding at least 25% directly are capped at 5% (art. 10), so KM 10,000; interest stays at 10% (art. 11), so KM 5,000; consultancy fees are business profits taxable only in Croatia without a PE (art. 7), so nothing is withheld once the certificate is held (RS law art. 52(1)). Total withholding is KM 15,000, a saving of KM 13,000. The annual withholding return is due by 30 January 2027 (art. 38(2)). For VAT, consultancy is supplied where the customer is (VAT Law art. 15(2)(4)), so the company pays 17% on KM 30,000, KM 5,100, by the 10th of the following month and deducts it in box 41 once paid.
name: RS payments to Croatian residents with treaty relief (2026)
inputs:
dividend: 200000
interest: 50000
consulting: 30000
steps:
- wht_domestic: (dividend + interest + consulting) * 0.10
- wht_dividend_treaty: dividend * 0.05
- wht_interest_treaty: interest * 0.10
- wht_consulting_treaty: consulting * 0
- wht_treaty_total: wht_dividend_treaty + wht_interest_treaty + wht_consulting_treaty
- saving: wht_domestic - wht_treaty_total
- vat_reverse_charge: consulting * 0.17
expected:
wht_domestic: 28000
wht_dividend_treaty: 10000
wht_interest_treaty: 5000
wht_consulting_treaty: 0
wht_treaty_total: 15000
saving: 13000
vat_reverse_charge: 5100
A Sarajevo software company licenses software to a Serbian customer for KM 100,000 in 2026. Serbia withholds 10%, the treaty maximum for royalties (BiH–Serbia treaty art. 12), so KM 10,000. Costs directly linked to that income are KM 40,000.
The royalty is part of the company's worldwide profit (FBiH art. 3(1)). Profit on it is KM 60,000, and FBiH tax on that at 10% is KM 6,000. The credit for Serbian tax cannot exceed the FBiH tax on that profit (art. 32(3), (4)), so it is KM 6,000 and FBiH tax on this income falls to nil. The other KM 4,000 of Serbian tax is not relieved in the FBiH. The company claims the credit on Form PK-814 with its return and keeps the Serbian proof of tax paid.
name: FBiH foreign tax credit capped at FBiH tax (2026)
inputs:
royalty: 100000
related_costs: 40000
steps:
- serbian_wht: royalty * 0.10
- profit_on_royalty: royalty - related_costs
- fbih_tax_on_royalty: profit_on_royalty * 0.10
- credit: min(serbian_wht, fbih_tax_on_royalty)
- fbih_tax_after_credit: fbih_tax_on_royalty - credit
- unrelieved: serbian_wht - credit
expected:
serbian_wht: 10000
profit_on_royalty: 60000
fbih_tax_on_royalty: 6000
credit: 6000
fbih_tax_after_credit: 0
unrelieved: 4000
Not yet confirmed: treaty rates for the other 30 treaty partners (only the Croatia, Serbia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia and Turkey texts were read); the BiH rate on dividends paid by a BiH company to a German resident (the 1987 treaty's dividend article covers only German dividends, and the other-income article was not read); whether the Italy and Turkey treaties are modified by the MLI (MFT publishes no combined text for them); whether treaties signed after the MFT list page date (23 November 2020) are in force; the RS rules for issuing residence certificates to RS companies; the RS deadline for paying withheld tax to the budget beyond "at payment" (Rulebook 115/17 does not set a monthly date); the BD form and procedure for treaty relief; whether the FBiH 4:1 and RS interest rules restrict interest paid abroad beyond withholding (see ba-corporate-income-tax); VAT refunds to foreign businesses on Form PDV SL 1 (conditions not read; see bosnia-vat); Brčko withholding exemption list as amended after 17/22 (none found). The RS law texts were read from OCR of the official gazette scans published by Poreska uprava RS.
Contributed by Michael Cutajar.
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