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openaccountants/skills/gr-income-tax.md

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v20Greece
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1---
2name: gr-income-tax
3description: >
4 Use this skill whenever asked about Greek income tax for self-employed individuals (ελεύθερος επαγγελματίας). Trigger on phrases like "how much tax do I pay", "φορολογική δήλωση", "E1", "E3", "income tax return Greece", "τεκμήρια", "EFKA", "MyDATA", "self-employed tax Greece", or any question about filing or computing income tax for a self-employed or freelance client in Greece. ALWAYS read this skill before touching any Greek income tax work.
5version: 2.0
6jurisdiction: GR
7tax_year: 2025
8category: international
9depends_on:
10 - income-tax-workflow-base
11---
12 
13# Greece Income Tax (Φόρος Εισοδήματος) -- Self-Employed Skill v2.0
14 
15## Section 1 -- Quick reference
16 
17**Read this whole section before classifying anything.**
18 
19| Field | Value |
20|---|---|
21| Country | Greece (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) |
22| Tax type | Φόρος εισοδήματος (income tax on business activity) |
23| Primary legislation | ΚΦΕ, N.4172/2013 |
24| Supporting legislation | N.4387/2016 (EFKA); N.4308/2014 (ΕΛΠ); N.5073/2023 (presumptive income); N.5246/2025 (2026 reform) |
25| Tax authority | ΑΑΔΕ (Ανεξάρτητη Αρχή Δημοσίων Εσόδων) |
26| Filing portal | TAXISnet / myAADE |
27| Currency | EUR only |
28| Return forms | E1 (income tax) + E3 (business income schedule) |
29| Filing deadline | 30 June of the following year |
30| Tax payment | Up to 8 monthly instalments from 31 July |
31| Prepayment (προκαταβολή) | 55% of current tax (50% first 3 years) |
32| EFKA contributions | 6 categories, EUR 3,060--7,800/year |
33| Τέλος επιτηδεύματος | ABOLISHED from 2025 |
34| Εισφορά αλληλεγγύης | ABOLISHED from 2023 |
35| Contributor | Open Accountants Community |
36| Validated by | Pending -- requires Greek λογιστής-φοροτεχνικός sign-off |
37| Validation date | Pending |
38 
39**Progressive tax brackets (self-employment, 2025):**
40 
41| Taxable income (EUR) | Rate | Cumulative at top |
42|---|---|---|
43| 0--10,000 | 9% | EUR 900 |
44| 10,001--20,000 | 22% | EUR 3,100 |
45| 20,001--30,000 | 28% | EUR 5,900 |
46| 30,001--40,000 | 36% | EUR 9,500 |
47| 40,001+ | 44% | -- |
48 
49**Age-based reductions:**
50 
51| Age | Benefit |
52|---|---|
53| Under 25 | 0% on first EUR 20,000 |
54| 26--30 | 9% on first EUR 20,000 |
55| 31+ | Standard rates above |
56 
57**EFKA contribution categories (2025):**
58 
59| Category | Monthly EUR | Annual EUR |
60|---|---|---|
61| 1 (minimum) | ~255 | ~3,060 |
62| 2 | ~315 | ~3,780 |
63| 3 | ~375 | ~4,500 |
64| 4 | ~440 | ~5,280 |
65| 5 | ~530 | ~6,360 |
66| 6 (maximum) | ~650 | ~7,800 |
67| Special (new, <5 years) | ~156 | ~1,877 |
68 
69**Conservative defaults:**
70 
71| Ambiguity | Default |
72|---|---|
73| Unknown expense category | Not deductible |
74| Unknown business-use proportion | 0% |
75| Cash payment above EUR 500 | NOT deductible (mandatory electronic) |
76| Unknown EFKA category | Category 1 (minimum) |
77| Τεκμήρια vs actual | Use higher of deemed or actual income |
78 
79---
80 
81## Section 2 -- Required inputs and refusal catalogue
82 
83### Required inputs
84 
85**Minimum viable** -- bank statement for the tax year. Acceptable from: National Bank of Greece (Εθνική), Alpha Bank, Piraeus Bank (Τράπεζα Πειραιώς), Eurobank, Optima Bank, or fintech (Revolut, Wise).
86 
87**Recommended** -- invoices (transmitted via myDATA), EFKA contribution statements, KAD code, prior year E1/E3.
88 
89**Ideal** -- complete accounting records per ΕΛΠ, myDATA reconciliation, EFKA category confirmation.
90 
91### Refusal catalogue
92 
93**R-GR-1 -- Legal entity (OE, EE, AE, EPE, IKE).** *Trigger:* client is a company. *Message:* "This skill covers freelancers/sole proprietors only. Companies file corporate income tax. Please use a separate skill."
94 
95**R-GR-2 -- International income / shipping.** *Trigger:* foreign income or shipping activity. *Message:* "International income and shipping are outside scope. Consult a λογιστής-φοροτεχνικός."
96 
97**R-GR-3 -- 2026 reformed rates applied to 2025.** *Trigger:* client asks about N.5246/2025 changes. *Message:* "The 2026 reform takes effect 1 January 2026. For tax year 2025, use the current rates in Section 1."
98 
99---
100 
101## Section 3 -- Transaction pattern library (the lookup table)
102 
103### 3.1 Greek banks (fees and interest)
104 
105| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
106|---|---|---|
107| ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ, NATIONAL BANK OF GREECE, NBG | Bank charges: deductible | Monthly fees |
108| ALPHA BANK, ΑΛΦΑ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ | Bank charges: deductible | Same |
109| ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ, PIRAEUS BANK | Bank charges: deductible | Same |
110| EUROBANK, EUROBANK ERGASIAS | Bank charges: deductible | Same |
111| OPTIMA BANK | Bank charges: deductible | Same |
112| REVOLUT, WISE (fees) | Deductible | Fintech fees |
113| ΤΟΚΟΙ, INTEREST (credit) | EXCLUDE from business income | Capital income |
114| ΤΟΚΟΙ, INTEREST (debit) | Deductible if business loan | Personal: EXCLUDE |
115| ΔΑΝΕΙΟ (loan principal) | EXCLUDE | Principal movement |
116 
117### 3.2 Greek government and statutory bodies
118 
119| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
120|---|---|---|
121| ΑΑΔΕ, ΕΦΟΡΙΑ, ΔΟΥ | EXCLUDE | Tax payment |
122| ΕΦΚΑ, EFKA | Deductible from taxable income | EFKA contributions are fully deductible |
123| ΦΟΡΟΣ ΕΙΣΟΔΗΜΑΤΟΣ | EXCLUDE | Income tax payment |
124| ΓΕΜΗ (General Commercial Registry) | Deductible | Registration fee |
125| ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΤΗΡΙΟ (Chamber of Commerce) | Deductible | Membership fee |
126 
127### 3.3 Greek utilities and telecoms
128 
129| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
130|---|---|---|
131| ΔΕΗ (Public Power Corporation) | Deductible if business premises | Electricity; apportion if home |
132| ΦΥΣΙΚΟ ΑΕΡΙΟ, ΔΕΠΑ | Deductible if business premises | Gas |
133| COSMOTE, VODAFONE GR, WIND, NOVA | Deductible: business phone/internet | Mixed: apportion |
134| FORTHNET, HOL | Deductible: business internet | Mixed: apportion |
135| ΕΥΔΑΠ (water -- Athens) | Deductible if business premises | Water |
136 
137### 3.4 SaaS and software -- international
138 
139| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
140|---|---|---|
141| GOOGLE, MICROSOFT, ADOBE, META | Deductible expense | EU reverse charge ΦΠΑ |
142| GITHUB, OPENAI, ANTHROPIC | Deductible expense | Non-EU |
143| SLACK, ZOOM, ATLASSIAN | Deductible expense | Check entity |
144 
145### 3.5 Professional services (Greece)
146 
147| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
148|---|---|---|
149| ΛΟΓΙΣΤΗΣ, ΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΟ ΓΡΑΦΕΙΟ | Deductible | Accounting fees |
150| ΔΙΚΗΓΟΡΟΣ, ΔΙΚΗΓΟΡΙΚΟ ΓΡΑΦΕΙΟ | Deductible if business | Legal fees |
151| ΣΥΜΒΟΛΑΙΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ | Deductible if business | Notary fees |
152| ΦΟΡΟΤΕΧΝΙΚΟΣ | Deductible | Tax advisory |
153 
154### 3.6 Transport and travel
155 
156| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
157|---|---|---|
158| ΟΣΕ, TRAINOSE, HELLENIC TRAIN | Deductible if business | Train |
159| ΑΕΡΟΠΟΡΙΑ, AEGEAN, OLYMPIC AIR | Deductible if business travel | Flights |
160| ΚΤΕΛ | Deductible if business | Intercity bus |
161| OASA, METRO, STASY (Athens transport) | Deductible if business | Public transport |
162| SHELL GR, BP GR, AVIN, EKO | Deductible: business vehicle portion | Fuel |
163| UBER, BEAT, BOLT | Deductible if business | Ride services |
164 
165### 3.7 Office and supplies
166 
167| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
168|---|---|---|
169| PUBLIC, PLAISIO, KOTSOVOLOS | Capital if > EUR 1,500; else expense | IT/electronics |
170| ΙΚΕΑ, IKEA GR | Capital or expense depending on value | Office items |
171| ΕΛΤΑ (Hellenic Post) | Deductible | Postage |
172 
173### 3.8 Food and entertainment
174 
175| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
176|---|---|---|
177| ΑΒ ΒΑΣΙΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ, LIDL GR, ΜΑΣΟΥΤΗΣ | Default: NOT deductible | Personal provisioning |
178| ΕΣΤΙΑΤΟΡΙΟ, RESTAURANT | Deductible if documented business purpose | But >50% personal element = blocked |
179 
180### 3.9 Cash payment limit (critical)
181 
182| Rule | Detail |
183|---|---|
184| All business expenses above EUR 500 | MUST be paid electronically (bank transfer, card) |
185| Cash payments above EUR 500 | NOT deductible regardless of documentation |
186 
187### 3.10 Internal transfers and exclusions
188 
189| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
190|---|---|---|
191| ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑ, OWN TRANSFER | EXCLUDE | Internal |
192| ΑΝΑΛΗΨΗ, ATM | EXCLUDE (default: drawings) | Ask client |
193| ΚΑΤΑΘΕΣΗ | EXCLUDE | Owner deposit |
194 
195---
196 
197## Section 4 -- Worked examples
198 
199### Example 1 -- Standard freelancer, mid-range
200 
201**Input:** Consultant, age 35, net profit EUR 35,000 after expenses, EFKA Cat 1 (EUR 3,060).
202**Computation:** Taxable = EUR 31,940. Tax = EUR 900 + EUR 2,200 + EUR 2,800 + EUR 698 = EUR 6,598. Prepayment = 55% x EUR 6,598 = EUR 3,629. Year-1 total = EUR 10,227 + EFKA EUR 3,060.
203 
204### Example 2 -- Young freelancer under 25
205 
206**Input:** Age 24, developer, net profit EUR 22,000, EFKA Special (EUR 1,877).
207**Computation:** Taxable = EUR 20,123. Under-25: 0% on first EUR 20,000. Tax = 28% x EUR 123 = EUR 34. Prepayment = 50% x EUR 34 = EUR 17. Total = EUR 51 + EFKA EUR 1,877.
208 
209### Example 3 -- Presumptive income exceeds actual
210 
211**Input:** Athens freelancer, net profit EUR 6,000, no employees, min wage EUR 9,960.
212**Computation:** Deemed = EUR 9,960. Since EUR 9,960 > EUR 6,000, taxed on EUR 9,960 unless rebutted. Tax = 9% x EUR 9,960 = EUR 896.
213 
214### Example 4 -- Cash expense disallowed
215 
216**Input:** Freelancer pays EUR 800 cash for equipment.
217**Result:** NOT deductible. Above EUR 500 cash limit. Must use electronic payment.
218 
219---
220 
221## Section 5 -- Tier 1 rules (deterministic)
222 
223### 5.1 Tax rate brackets
224Progressive 9%/22%/28%/36%/44%. Self-employed do NOT get the EUR 777 employment/pension tax reduction. Under-25: 0% on first EUR 20,000. Ages 26-30: 9% on first EUR 20,000. **Legislation:** ΚΦΕ Art. 29.
225 
226### 5.2 Prepayment (προκαταβολή)
22755% of current year's tax. First 3 years: 50%. Offset against next year. Creates double burden in year 1. **Legislation:** Art. 69.
228 
229### 5.3 Abolished levies
230Τέλος επιτηδεύματος: abolished from 2025. Εισφορά αλληλεγγύης: abolished from 2023. Do NOT include in any 2025 computation. **Legislation:** Various amendment acts.
231 
232### 5.4 Τεκμήρια (presumptive income)
233Minimum = highest of: employee-equivalent (EUR 9,960), plus 10% of labour costs up to EUR 15,000, plus 5% of revenue above KAD average. Cap EUR 50,000. First 3 years: exempt. Municipality < 1,500: 50% reduction. Disability 67%+: exempt. **Legislation:** Art. 28A-28Γ.
234 
235### 5.5 Cash payment limit
236EUR 500 maximum for deductible cash payments. Above: must be electronic. Non-compliance = non-deductible. **Legislation:** ΚΦΕ Art. 23.
237 
238### 5.6 Depreciation
239Buildings: 4%. Equipment: 10%. Transport: 16%. Computers: 20%. Software: 20%. Tools: 33%. Assets under EUR 1,500: expense immediately. **Legislation:** Art. 24.
240 
241### 5.7 EFKA
2426 categories. Category choice locks in for calendar year. Selection by 31 January. New self-employed (<5 years): special reduced category. Fully deductible from taxable income. **Legislation:** N.4387/2016.
243 
244### 5.8 MyDATA
245All income/expense documents must be transmitted to myDATA. Real-time or by VAT deadline. B2B e-invoicing mandatory from 2026 (phased). **Legislation:** N.4308/2014.
246 
247---
248 
249## Section 6 -- Tier 2 catalogue
250 
251### 6.1 Τεκμήρια rebuttal
252*Why:* Deemed income may exceed actual. *Default:* Tax on higher amount. *Question:* "Can you provide evidence (bank statements, contracts) showing actual income is lower than deemed?"
253 
254### 6.2 EFKA category optimization
255*Why:* Higher category = higher deduction but higher outlay. *Default:* Category 1 (minimum). *Question:* "Which EFKA category did you choose?"
256 
257### 6.3 Dual activity (employment + freelance)
258*Why:* Income combined. EFKA parallel rules. *Default:* Flag for reviewer. *Question:* "Do you have employment income? Employer pays EFKA from that?"
259 
260### 6.4 Motor vehicle business proportion
261*Why:* Only business portion deductible. *Default:* 0%. *Question:* "What proportion of vehicle use is business?"
262 
263### 6.5 Municipality population
264*Why:* <1,500 inhabitants = 50% presumptive reduction. *Default:* Standard (no reduction). *Question:* "What is the population of your registered municipality?"
265 
266---
267 
268## Section 7 -- Excel working paper template
269 
270### Sheet "Transactions"
271Columns: Date, Counterparty, Description, Amount (EUR), Category (Revenue/Expense/Depreciation/EFKA/EXCLUDE), Deductible amount, Payment method (Electronic/Cash), Default?, Question, Notes.
272 
273### Sheet "Tax Computation"
274Progressive bracket calculation. Τεκμήρια comparison. Prepayment. EFKA deduction.
275 
276---
277 
278## Section 8 -- Bank statement reading guide
279 
280**CSV formats.** National Bank of Greece uses semicolons with DD/MM/YYYY. Alpha Bank uses CSV with various formats. Piraeus Bank uses semicolons. Common columns: Ημερομηνία (Date), Περιγραφή (Description), Ποσό (Amount), Υπόλοιπο (Balance).
281 
282**Greek language variants.** Common: μεταφορά (transfer), κατάθεση (deposit), ανάληψη (withdrawal), προμήθεια (commission), τόκοι (interest), τιμολόγιο (invoice), πληρωμή (payment), ενοίκιο (rent).
283 
284**EFKA payments.** Monthly to EFKA. Fully deductible from income.
285 
286**Payment method tracking.** Critical for EUR 500 cash rule. Card/transfer = deductible. Cash > EUR 500 = non-deductible.
287 
288---
289 
290## Section 9 -- Onboarding fallback
291 
292### 9.1 Activity type
293*Inference:* From counterparty mix. *Fallback:* "Freelancer or sole proprietorship? What is your KAD code?"
294 
295### 9.2 Years in business
296*Inference:* Not inferable. *Fallback:* "How many years have you been self-employed? (Affects presumptive exemption and prepayment rate.)"
297 
298### 9.3 EFKA category
299*Inference:* From EFKA payment amounts. *Fallback:* "Which EFKA category are you in?"
300 
301### 9.4 Age
302*Inference:* Not inferable. *Fallback:* "What is your age? (Under 25 and 26-30 get reduced rates.)"
303 
304### 9.5 Municipality
305*Inference:* From address. *Fallback:* "Where is your registered address? Population < 1,500?"
306 
307### 9.6 Employees
308*Inference:* Salary outflows. *Fallback:* "Do you have employees? (Affects τεκμήρια.)"
309 
310---
311 
312## Section 10 -- Reference material
313 
314### Test suite
315 
316**Test 1 -- Mid-range freelancer.** EUR 35,000 profit, EFKA Cat 1. Tax EUR 6,598 + prepayment EUR 3,629 = EUR 10,227 + EFKA EUR 3,060.
317**Test 2 -- High earner.** EUR 80,000 profit, EFKA Cat 3. Tax EUR 25,120 + prepayment EUR 13,816.
318**Test 3 -- Under 25.** EUR 22,000, 0% on first EUR 20,000. Tax EUR 34.
319**Test 4 -- New freelancer year 1.** EUR 20,000, prepayment at 50%. Total EUR 3,641.
320**Test 5 -- Presumptive > actual.** EUR 6,000 actual, EUR 9,960 deemed. Tax on EUR 9,960.
321**Test 6 -- Cash disallowed.** EUR 2,000 cash purchase. Non-deductible.
322**Test 7 -- Abolished levies.** Remove τέλος (EUR 650) and solidarity surcharge.
323 
324### Edge case registry
325 
326**EC1 -- Presumptive exceeds actual.** Tax on deemed unless rebutted.
327**EC2 -- Year-1 double burden.** Full tax + prepayment.
328**EC3 -- Cash > EUR 500.** Non-deductible.
329**EC4 -- Under 25 exemption.** 0% on first EUR 20,000.
330**EC5 -- Small municipality.** 50% presumptive reduction.
331**EC6 -- EFKA category impact.** Higher category = lower tax but higher outlay.
332**EC7 -- Employment + freelance.** Combined brackets. Parallel EFKA.
333**EC8 -- Low-value assets.** Under EUR 1,500 = expense immediately.
334**EC9 -- Τέλος included.** REMOVE -- abolished 2025.
335**EC10 -- Solidarity surcharge.** REMOVE -- abolished 2023.
336 
337### Prohibitions
338 
339- NEVER apply employment/pension tax reduction (EUR 777) to self-employment
340- NEVER include τέλος επιτηδεύματος in 2025+ computation
341- NEVER include εισφορά αλληλεγγύης in 2023+ computation
342- NEVER allow cash expenses above EUR 500 as deductible
343- NEVER ignore τεκμήρια presumptive income check
344- NEVER allow depreciation on assets under EUR 1,500
345- NEVER present 55% prepayment as optional
346- NEVER allow EFKA category change mid-year
347- NEVER apply 2026 reformed rates to 2025 income
348- NEVER present calculations as definitive
349 
350### Sources
351 
3521. ΚΦΕ N.4172/2013
3532. N.4387/2016 (EFKA)
3543. N.4308/2014 (ΕΛΠ)
3554. N.5073/2023 (presumptive income)
3565. ΑΑΔΕ -- https://www.aade.gr
357 
358### Disclaimer
359 
360This skill and its outputs are provided for informational and computational purposes only and do not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. Open Accountants and its contributors accept no liability for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this skill. All outputs must be reviewed and signed off by a qualified professional (such as a λογιστής-φοροτεχνικός or equivalent licensed practitioner in Greece) before filing or acting upon.
361 
362The most up-to-date, verified version of this skill is maintained at [openaccountants.com](https://openaccountants.com).
363 

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About

Use this skill whenever asked about Greek income tax for self-employed individuals (ελεύθερος επαγγελματίας). Trigger on phrases like "how much tax do I pay", "φορολογική δήλωση", "E1", "E3", "income tax return Greece", "τεκμήρια", "EFKA", "MyDATA", "self-employed tax Greece", or any question about filing or computing income tax for a self-employed or freelance client in Greece. ALWAYS read this skill before touching any Greek income tax work.

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