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Built by Michael Cutajar and the OpenAccountants team. Written from the official sources it cites.
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Alícuota general
16%Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62
Alícuota reducida (ciertos alimentos y bienes de primera necesidad)
8%Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62
Alícuota adicional por lujo (sobre la alícuota general)
Hasta 15%Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62
Tasa combinada máxima (alícuota general + alícuota adicional por lujo)
Hasta 31%Ley del IVA
Alícuota para exportaciones
0%Ley del IVA
Bienes y servicios exentos — Alimentos básicos, medicamentos, insumos agrícolas, libros, combustible, salud, educación, arrendamiento residencial, transporte público
Exento (0% / sin IVA)Ley del IVA Article 18; Ley del IVA Article 19
Frecuencia de declaración — Contribuyente Ordinario
MensualLey del IVA
Base para la fecha límite de declaración
Calendario publicado por el SENIAT según el último dígito del RIFProvidencias SENIAT
Formulario de declaración
Forma 30Ley del IVA
Retención de Contribuyente Especial — fecha límite de declaración del período quincenal del 1 al 15
Declarado a más tardar el día 20 del mismo mesProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Retención de Contribuyente Especial — fecha límite de declaración del período quincenal del 16 al fin de mes
Declarado a más tardar el día 5 del mes siguienteProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Retención de Contribuyente Especial — compras a contribuyente ordinario con domicilio fiscal
75% del IVAProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Retención de Contribuyente Especial — compras a proveedor sin domicilio fiscal
100% del IVAProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Retención de Contribuyente Especial — entes gubernamentales
75% o 100% del IVAProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Vehículos automotores (de pasajeros) — crédito fiscal de IVA soportado
BLOQUEADO — no credito fiscalLey del IVA Article 33
Entretenimiento — crédito fiscal de IVA soportado
BLOQUEADO — no credito fiscalLey del IVA Article 33
Uso personal — crédito fiscal de IVA soportado
BLOQUEADO — no crédito fiscalLey del IVA Article 33
Compras sin factura válida — crédito fiscal de IVA soportado
BLOQUEADO — no crédito fiscalLey del IVA Article 33
Declaración extemporánea
5 UT to 50 UT per returnLey del IVA
Pago extemporáneo
1% per month + monetary correctionLey del IVA
Incumplimiento de la obligación de retener
100% to 300% of amount not withheldLey del IVA
Incumplimiento de la obligación de llevar Libros (libros de compras y ventas)
50 UT to 200 UTLey del IVA Article 56
Incumplimiento de la obligación de emitir factura
Business closure 1–5 daysLey del IVA Article 54
Fraude fiscal
100% to 300% of tax evaded + criminal prosecutionLey del IVA
Unidad monetaria para umbrales y sanciones
Unidades Tributarias (UT) — ajustadas periódicamenteLey del IVA
Denominación monetaria vigente
Bolívar Digital (introducido en 2021)
Tipo de cambio a utilizar en transacciones en moneda extranjera
Tasa oficial del BCV en la fecha de la transacción
Fórmula de recuperación por prorrata
% de Recuperación = Ventas Gravadas / Ventas TotalesLey del IVA
Libro de Compras y Ventas — campos obligatorios
RIF, base imponible, monto del IVA, total — por transacción; los totales resumen se trasladan a la Forma 30Ley del IVA Article 56
Campos obligatorios de la factura fiscal
RIF, fecha, descripción, base imponible, monto del IVA, totalLey del IVA Article 54
Frecuencia de declaración de retenciones del Contribuyente Especial
QuincenalProvidencia SNAT 2005-0056
Intereses bancarios (Intereses / Int Ganados)
Exento — no gravable a efectos del IVALey del IVA Article 19
Tasa aplicable al momento del hecho imponible cuando la tasa cambia en el transcurso del período
La tasa vigente al momento del hecho imponibleLey del IVA
Retención CE — Providencia rectora
Providencia SNAT 2005-0056Providencia SNAT 2005-0056
Artículos de la legislación sobre alícuotas del IVA
Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62
Artículo de la legislación sobre bienes exentos
Ley del IVA Article 18Ley del IVA Article 18
Artículo de la legislación sobre servicios exentos
Ley del IVA Article 19Ley del IVA Article 19
Artículo de la legislación sobre créditos fiscales bloqueados del IVA
Ley del IVA Article 33Ley del IVA Article 33
Artículo de la legislación sobre facturas fiscales
Ley del IVA Article 54Ley del IVA Article 54
Artículo de la legislación sobre libros contables
Ley del IVA Article 56Ley del IVA Article 56
R-VE-1 -- Rate not verified.
The current IVA rate has NOT been verified against the latest Gaceta Oficial. Do not proceed until rate is confirmed.
R-VE-2 -- Hyperinflation accounting.
Hyperinflation adjustments and their interaction with IVA are complex. Escalate to specialist.
R-VE-3 -- Currency controls.
Foreign currency transactions involving IGTF interaction require specialist review. IGTF is separate from IVA.
R-VE-4 -- Oil and gas sector.
Hydrocarbon sector transactions require specialist knowledge. Escalate.
Blocked input categories
No credit: motor vehicles (passenger), entertainment, personal use, exempt operations, purchases without valid factura.Ley del IVA Article 33
Bi-weekly filing deadlines
Bi-weekly filing: 1st-15th filed by 20th; 16th-end filed by 5th of following month.Providencia SNAT 2005-0056
Libro de Compras y Ventas requirement
All IVA taxpayers must maintain purchase and sales ledgers with RIF, base, IVA, total. Summary totals flow to Forma 30.Ley del IVA Article 56
Fiscal invoice requirements
Must include RIF, date, description, base imponible, IVA amount, total. Fiscal machines required for certain taxpayers.Ley del IVA Article 54
Rate change mid-period
If IVA rate changes during a filing period, apply the rate in effect at the time of the taxable event. A single period may have transactions at different rates. Flag for reviewer.
Luxury goods additional rate
May be subject to standard rate + additional luxury rate (up to 31% total). Verify current gazette for product list. Flag for reviewer.
USD/Foreign currency transactions
Convert to Bolivares at BCV official rate on date of transaction. IGTF may also apply on foreign currency portion. IGTF is separate from IVA. Flag for reviewer.
Partial exemption recovery formula
Direct attribution + proportional (prorrata). Recovery % = Taxable Sales / Total Sales. Flag for reviewer.
SENIAT portal downtime
Document system unavailability. File as soon as available. Penalties may be contested on force majeure. Flag for reviewer.
Rendered from the canonical facts model. General reference only — confirm with a qualified professional before acting.
Reviewed against the cited tax authorities by Jose Padilla on 2026-06-21.
Items flagged for further clarification are tracked separately and excluded here.
This block is generated from verified skill_facts — edit the facts, not the prose.
Quick Reference Table
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Country | Venezuela (Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela) |
| Tax | IVA (Impuesto al Valor Agregado) |
| Currency | Bolivares (Bs.) -- current denomination: Bolivar Digital (2021) |
| Standard rate | 16% (VERIFY -- rate has changed multiple times) |
| Reduced rate | 8% (certain food/essential goods, when enacted) |
| Additional luxury rate | Up to 15% on luxury goods (on top of standard) |
| Primary legislation | Ley de Impuesto al Valor Agregado (multiple reforms) |
| Supporting legislation | Reglamento de la Ley del IVA; Providencias SENIAT |
| Tax authority | SENIAT |
| Filing portal | http://www.seniat.gob.ve (Portal Fiscal) |
| Filing frequency | Monthly (Contribuyente Ordinario) |
| Filing deadline | Calendar published by SENIAT based on last digit of RIF |
| Contributor | Open Accountants Community |
| Validated by | Verified by Jose Padilla (CPA) on 2026-06-21 |
| Skill version | 2.0 |
Venezuela's economic and regulatory environment is highly volatile. The IVA rate (currently stated as 16%), currency denomination, exchange rates, and filing systems may change without notice. Flag for reviewer on EVERY filing: confirm current IVA rate, currency denomination, and SENIAT system availability.
Rate Table
| Rate | Application |
|---|---|
| 16% | Standard rate (alicuota general) -- VERIFY |
| 8% | Reduced rate on certain essentials (when enacted) |
| Up to 15% additional | Luxury goods (Alicuota Adicional) -- on top of standard |
| 0% | Exports |
| Exempt | Basic food, medicines, agricultural inputs, books, fuel, health, education, residential rent, public transport |
Key Thresholds Table
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Contribuyente Ordinario | All persons making habitual taxable sales above threshold |
| Contribuyente Formal | Small taxpayers -- simplified obligations |
| Contribuyente Especial | Designated by SENIAT -- special withholding agent |
| Thresholds expressed in | Unidades Tributarias (UT) -- adjusted periodically |
Conservative Defaults Table
| Ambiguity | Default |
|---|---|
| IVA rate unknown | STOP -- verify current rate before proceeding |
| Currency denomination unknown | STOP -- verify current Bolivar denomination |
| Contribuyente type unknown | Contribuyente Ordinario (monthly filing) |
| Exchange rate for foreign currency | Official BCV rate on date of transaction |
Minimum viable: Bank statement for the month, RIF number, confirmation of Contribuyente type, and VERIFIED current IVA rate.
Recommended: Sales and purchase Libros (ledgers), fiscal invoices, prior period Forma 30.
Ideal: Complete Libro de Compras y Ventas, Contribuyente Especial withholding documentation, BCV exchange rate records.
Income Patterns Table
| Pattern | Tax Line | Treatment | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRANSFERENCIA [client] / TRF DESDE | Taxable supply | Output IVA at current rate | Wire transfer |
| DEPOSITO EFECTIVO / CASH DEPOSIT | Taxable supply | Revenue | Cash receipt |
| PAGO MOVIL / BIOPAGO | Taxable supply | Revenue | Mobile payment |
| ZELLE / PAYPAL VE | Taxable supply | Revenue | Digital payment -- may trigger IGTF |
| PUNTO DE VENTA / POS | Taxable supply | Revenue | Point of sale |
| MERCADOPAGO VE | Taxable supply | Revenue | MercadoPago settlement |
| INTERESES / INT GANADOS | Exempt | NOT taxable | Bank interest |
| PRESTAMO / CREDITO | EXCLUDE | Not income | Loan proceeds |
Expense Patterns Table
| Pattern | Expense Category | Treatment | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALQUILER / ARRENDAMIENTO | Rent | Input IVA at current rate | Business premises |
| CORPOELEC / ELECTRICIDAD | Utilities | Input IVA | Commercial electricity |
| CANTV / MOVILNET / MOVISTAR / DIGITEL | Communications | Business portion | Mixed use: apportion |
| AUTOMOVIL / VEHICULO | Vehicle | BLOCKED | No input credit |
| RESTAURANT / CENA / BANQUETE | Entertainment | BLOCKED | No input credit |
| SENIAT PAGO / IMPUESTO | EXCLUDE | Tax payment | Not deductible |
| IVSS / SEGURO SOCIAL / FAOV / BANAVIH | EXCLUDE | Social security | Not IVA |
| IGTF PAGO | EXCLUDE | Financial transactions tax | Separate from IVA |
| RETIRO PERSONAL | EXCLUDE | Drawings | Not business |
Exempt Supply Indicators Table
| Pattern | Treatment | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ARROZ / HARINA / PAN / CARNE / LECHE | Exempt | Basic food |
| FARMACIA / MEDICINA | Exempt | Pharmaceutical |
| COLEGIO / UNIVERSIDAD | Exempt | Education |
| CONSULTA MEDICA / HOSPITAL | Exempt | Health services |
| GASOLINA / DIESEL | Exempt | Fuel (regulated) |
Input: VE supplier, office supplies, gross Bs. 11,600, IVA Bs. 1,600, net Bs. 10,000. Valid factura.
Reasoning: Standard-rated purchase. Valid fiscal invoice. Full credito fiscal.
Classification: Line 8 = Bs. 1,600 credito fiscal. Full recovery. (Verify rate at time of transaction.)
Input: Contribuyente Especial purchases services from ordinary taxpayer. Invoice: Bs. 10,000 + IVA Bs. 1,600. Withhold 75%.
Reasoning: Withhold 75% of IVA = Bs. 1,200. Pay supplier Bs. 10,400 (10,000 + 400 remaining IVA). File bi-weekly withholding return. Issue comprobante de retencion. Supplier claims Bs. 1,200 on Line 16.
Classification: Withholding Bs. 1,200. Supplier claims on Line 16.
Input: US consulting, USD 1,000 at BCV rate 36.60 = Bs. 36,600. No IVA charged.
Reasoning: Self-assess debito fiscal at current rate: Bs. 5,856 (16%). Credito fiscal: Bs. 5,856. Net = zero.
Classification: Output IVA Bs. 5,856. Input IVA Bs. 5,856. Net zero.
Input: Purchase sedan Bs. 200,000, IVA Bs. 32,000.
Reasoning: Passenger vehicles are blocked under Article 33. No credito fiscal.
Classification: IVA Bs. 32,000 BLOCKED.
Forma 30 Return Structure Table
| Line | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Ventas internas gravadas (domestic taxable sales) |
| 2 | Debito fiscal en ventas internas |
| 3 | Ventas de exportacion (exports, 0%) |
| 4 | Ventas internas no gravadas / exentas |
| 5 | Total ventas |
| 6 | Total debito fiscal |
| 7 | Compras internas gravadas |
| 8 | Credito fiscal en compras internas |
| 9 | Importaciones gravadas |
| 10 | Credito fiscal en importaciones |
| 11 | Total credito fiscal |
| 12 | Ajustes (blocked/proportional) |
| 13 | Credito fiscal neto |
| 14 | Diferencia (Line 6 - Line 13) |
| 15 | Excedente credito fiscal anterior |
| 16 | Retenciones de IVA (Contribuyentes Especiales) |
| 17 | Total a pagar / excedente |
CE Withholding Table
| Scenario | Rate |
|---|---|
| Purchasing from ordinary taxpayer with fiscal domicile | 75% of IVA |
| Purchasing from supplier without fiscal domicile address | 100% of IVA |
| Government entities | 75% or 100% of IVA |
Penalties Table
| Violation | Penalty |
|---|---|
| Late filing | 5 UT to 50 UT per return |
| Late payment | 1% per month + monetary correction |
| Failure to withhold | 100% to 300% of amount not withheld |
| Failure to keep Libros | 50 UT to 200 UT |
| Failure to issue factura | Business closure (1-5 days) |
| Fraud | 100% to 300% of tax evaded + criminal prosecution |
VENEZUELA IVA WORKING PAPER (FORMA 30)
Contribuyente: _______________ RIF: ___________
Periodo: ___________ Mes: ___________
IVA RATE VERIFIED: ____% (Date verified: _________)
Currency: Bs. (denomination: _________)
A. DEBITO FISCAL (OUTPUT)
A1. Ventas internas gravadas (excl. IVA) ___________
A2. Debito fiscal ___________
A3. Exportaciones (0%) ___________
A4. Ventas exentas ___________
B. CREDITO FISCAL (INPUT)
B1. Credito fiscal compras internas ___________
B2. Credito fiscal importaciones ___________
B3. Blocked (vehicles, entertainment) ___________
B4. Credito fiscal neto ___________
C. LIQUIDACION
C1. Diferencia (A2 - B4) ___________
C2. Excedente anterior ___________
C3. Retenciones IVA ___________
C4. Total a pagar / excedente ___________
REVIEWER FLAGS:
[ ] Current IVA rate verified against Gaceta Oficial?
[ ] Currency denomination confirmed?
[ ] Contribuyente type confirmed?
[ ] All fiscal invoices compliant?
[ ] CE withholding documented?
[ ] IGTF separated from IVA?
Venezuelan Bank Statement Formats Table
| Bank | Format | Key Fields |
|---|---|---|
| Banco de Venezuela | Fecha, Descripcion, Debito, Credito, Saldo | |
| Banesco | CSV / PDF | Fecha, Referencia, Descripcion, Monto, Saldo |
| Banco Mercantil | CSV | Fecha, Descripcion, Cargo, Abono, Saldo |
| Provincial (BBVA) | CSV | Fecha, Concepto, Debito, Credito, Saldo |
| Banco Nacional de Credito | Fecha, Detalle, Debito, Credito, Disponible | |
| Banco del Tesoro | Fecha, Descripcion, Debe, Haber, Saldo |
Key Venezuelan Banking Narrations Table
| Narration | Meaning | Classification Hint |
|---|---|---|
| TRANSFERENCIA / TRF | Wire transfer | Income or expense |
| PAGO MOVIL | Mobile payment | Income or expense |
| PUNTO DE VENTA / POS | Card terminal | Income or expense |
| IGTF | Financial transactions tax | Exclude from IVA |
| SENIAT | Tax payment | Exclude |
| IVSS / BANAVIH / FAOV | Social security | Exclude |
| INTERESES | Interest | Exempt |
If the client provides a bank statement but cannot answer onboarding questions immediately:
Present these questions:
ONBOARDING QUESTIONS -- VENEZUELA IVA
1. What is your RIF?
2. Are you Contribuyente Ordinario, Formal, or Especial?
3. What is the CURRENT IVA rate in the latest Gaceta Oficial?
4. What types of goods or services do you sell?
5. Do you make any exempt supplies?
6. Are you a designated Contribuyente Especial (withholding agent)?
7. Do you have transactions in foreign currency (USD)?
8. Any excedente credito fiscal from prior period?
9. Do you sell any luxury goods subject to additional rate?
Key Legislation Table
| Topic | Reference |
|---|---|
| IVA imposition | Ley del IVA |
| Rates | Ley del IVA Articles 27, 61, 62 |
| Exempt goods | Ley del IVA Article 18 |
| Exempt services | Ley del IVA Article 19 |
| Blocked input | Ley del IVA Article 33 |
| Fiscal invoices | Ley del IVA Article 54 |
| Libros | Ley del IVA Article 56 |
| CE withholding | Providencia SNAT 2005-0056 |
| IGTF | Ley de IGTF (separate tax) |
Changelog Table
| Version | Date | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2.0 | April 2026 | Full rewrite to v2.0 structure; Venezuelan bank formats; local payment patterns; critical volatility warnings; CE withholding detail |
| 1.1 | April 2026 | Rates and thresholds re-verified |
| 1.0 | 2025 | Initial version |
This skill and its outputs are provided for informational and computational purposes only and do not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. Open Accountants and its contributors accept no liability for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this skill. All outputs must be reviewed and signed off by a qualified professional (such as a licensed Contador Publico Colegiado or equivalent practitioner in Venezuela) before filing or acting upon.
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