Venezuela Payroll

Venezuela Payroll Skill v0.1

Tier 2 (research-verified) — NOT yet accountant-verified. Several figures carry [RESEARCH GAP — reviewer to confirm] markers. A licensed Venezuelan contador público colegiado must reconcile those before any output is presented as final.

Hyperinflation / UT context (READ FIRST). Almost every statutory figure in Venezuelan tax law is expressed in Tax Units (Unidad Tributaria — UT), not bolívares. The current value is VES 43.00 per UT, effective 2 June 2025 (Providencia Administrativa SNAT/2025/0048, Gaceta Oficial No. 43,140). Using the wrong UT value invalidates every ISLR computation. Separately, the legal minimum wage is frozen at VES 130/month (since March 2022); the bulk of worker compensation is paid as explicitly non-salary USD-indexed bonuses that do NOT enter the contribution or ISLR base. Both distortions are statutory and must be modelled as written below, not "corrected."

Verified rates & thresholds (accountant-authored, no independent check recorded)

No independent accountant check is recorded for this version. Items flagged for further clarification are tracked separately and excluded here.

venezuela-payroll

• Tax Unit (UT) value — VES 43.00 (Providencia Administrativa SNAT/2025/0048, Gaceta Oficial No. 43,140)
• Tax year — Calendar year (1 January – 31 December) (PwC — Venezuela individual)
• Salario mínimo legal (salario mínimo) — VES 130/mes (congelado desde marzo de 2022) (PwC (other taxes, 'VES 130 as of 15 March 2022'); WageIndicator)
• Ingreso Mínimo Integral (IMI) — El 30 de abril 2026 por anuncio presidencial se ajusta a 240 USD al mes y se hace obligatorio para la empresa privada (Guacamaya)
• Bono de Guerra Económica (bono no salarial) — El 30 de abril 2026 por anuncio presidencial se ajusta a 200 USD al mes y se hace obligatorio para la empresa privada (Guacamaya)
• Cestaticket (bono de alimentación no salarial) — US$40/mes (Guacamaya)
• ISLR — alícuota del tramo 1 (0–1,000 UT) — 6%; sustraendo 0 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (last reviewed 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR — alícuota del tramo 2 (1,000–1,500 UT) — 9%; sustraendo 30 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (last reviewed 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 3 (1,500–2,000 UT) — 12%; sustraendo 75 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 4 (2,000–2,500 UT) — 16%; sustraendo 155 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 5 (2,500–3,000 UT) — 20%; sustraendo 255 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 6 (3,000–4,000 UT) — 24%; sustraendo 375 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 7 (4,000–6,000 UT) — 29%; sustraendo 575 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• ISLR impuesto sobre la renta — tarifa del tramo 8 (más de 6,000 UT) — 34%; sustraendo 875 UT (Art. 50 LISR; PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• Fórmula de cálculo de la tarifa del ISLR — impuesto = (renta gravable en UT × tasa del tramo) − sustraendo del tramo, luego × VES 43 (Art. 50 LISR; PwC)
• Desgravamen único (deducción personal estándar) — 774 UT por año (= Bs. 33,282 a la UT de 2025) (ISLR Law Art. 60 and 61)
• Crédito fiscal personal (rebaja personal) — por contribuyente — 10 UT (= VES 430 at VES 43/UT) (PwC; Nayma Consultores)
• Crédito fiscal personal (rebaja personal) — por carga (hijos/padres) — 10 UT per registered dependent (PwC; Nayma Consultores)
• Tasa de retención para no residentes (tasa única) — 34% withheld at source on Venezuelan-source income (PwC — Venezuela individual)
• Base de retención para no residentes — servicios profesionales — 34% applied to 90% of gross payments (PwC — Venezuela individual)
• Umbral de retención del ISLR (obligación patronal activada) — Estimated net annual enrichment ≥ 1,000 UT (= VES 43,000 at VES 43/UT) (PwC; Nayma Consultores)
• IVSS (Social Security) — employee contribution rate — 4% (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, reviewed 12 Jan 2026)
• IVSS — tasa de contribución patronal (clase de riesgo mínimo/bajo) — 9% (PwC; CloudPay; Rivermate)
• IVSS — tasa de contribución patronal (clase de riesgo medio) — 10% (PwC; CloudPay; Rivermate)
• IVSS — tasa de contribución patronal (máxima / clase de alto riesgo) — 11% (PwC; CloudPay; Rivermate)
• Techo contributivo del IVSS — Hasta 5 salarios mínimos urbanos (≈ VES 650/mes al salario mínimo congelado de VES 130) (PwC)
• Desempleo (Régimen Prestacional de Empleo) — tasa de contribución del empleado — 0.5% (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, revisado el 12 Jan 2026)
• Desempleo (Régimen Prestacional de Empleo) — tasa de contribución patronal — 2% (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, revisado el 12 Jan 2026)
• Techo contributivo del Paro Forzoso — Hasta 10 salarios mínimos urbanos (≈ VES 1,300/mes al salario mínimo congelado de VES 130) (PwC)
• FAOV (Housing / Ley de Vivienda y Hábitat) — employee contribution rate — 1% (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, reviewed 12 Jan 2026)
• FAOV (Housing) — employer contribution rate — 2% (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, reviewed 12 Jan 2026)
• FAOV — tope de cotización — Maximo 10 salarios minimos (El artículo 172 de la Ley de Régimen Prestacional de Vivienda y Hábitat,)
• INCES — employee contribution rate (base: utilidades/profit-sharing) — 0.5% on annual utilidades (PwC)
• INCES — employer contribution rate (base: total wages/salaries paid) — 2% on total payroll (PwC)
• LOPCYMAT — employer contribution rate (workplace health & safety) — 0 (la lopcymat no pide pagos regulares solo establece sanciones por incumplimientos (multas))
• Tasa total de contribución del empleado sobre el salario (IVSS + Paro + FAOV) — 5.5% (PwC)
• Tasa total mínima de contribución patronal sobre el salario (IVSS mín + Paro + FAOV) — 13.0% (PwC)
• Tasa total máxima de contribución patronal sobre el salario (IVSS máx + Paro + FAOV) — 15.0% (PwC)
• Carga parafiscal patronal combinada incluyendo INCES (excluido LOPCYMAT) — 15.0%–17.0% de la base salarial (PwC)
• Tasa del IGTF (Impuesto a las Grandes Transacciones Financieras) — 3% sobre los pagos realizados en divisas o criptomonedas a través del sistema financiero (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (other taxes, last reviewed 12 Jan 2026))
• Tasa del Impuesto al Patrimonio Neto — 0.25%/año (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (otros impuestos, última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• Impuesto al Patrimonio Neto — umbral mínimo de patrimonio neto — 150,000,000 UT (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (otros impuestos, última revisión 12 Jan 2026))
• Fecha límite para la declaración anual del ISLR (impuesto sobre la renta de personas naturales) — 31 de marzo del año siguiente al ejercicio fiscal (no prorrogable) (PwC Tax administration)
• Opción de pago fraccionado del ISLR — cuota 1 — 31 March (Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario)
• Opción de pago fraccionado del ISLR — cuota 2 — 21 April (Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario)
• Opción de pago fraccionado del ISLR — cuota 3 — 12 May (Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario)
• Obligados a declarar el ISLR — umbral de enriquecimiento neto — Enriquecimiento neto > 1,000 UT (Efecto Cocuyo)
• Obligados a declarar el ISLR — umbral de ingresos brutos — Ingresos brutos > 1,500 UT (Efecto Cocuyo)
• Formulario AR-I — momento de presentación — Presentado por el empleado al empleador antes del primer pago del año; actualizar si cambian las circunstancias (Nayma Consultores; Efecto Cocuyo)
• Sanción por ingresos omitidos / pago insuficiente — 100% al 300% del impuesto omitido (Grant Thornton Venezuela COT table; Galac; MPPEF; COT 2020 reform)
• Omisión de presentar declaración — sanción de cierre — Cierre del establecimiento por 10 días (Grant Thornton; COT 2020 reform)
• Omisión de presentar declaración — multa monetaria — Multa de 150× la tasa de cambio oficial más alta del BCV (Grant Thornton; COT 2020 reform)
• Declaración incompleta o presentada con retraso (≤ 1 año) — Multa de 100× la tasa de cambio oficial más alta del BCV (Grant Thornton; COT 2020 reform)
• Pago tardío (enteramiento tardío) — tasa diaria dentro del primer año — 0.28% del monto adeudado por día de mora, con tope del 100% (Grant Thornton; Galac; COT 2020 reform)
• Pago tardío — recargo adicional después de 1 año — 50% adicional del monto adeudado (Grant Thornton; COT 2020 reform)
• Pago tardío — recargo adicional después de 2 años — 150% adicional del monto adeudado (Grant Thornton; COT 2020 reform)
• Multiplicador de sanción para contribuyentes especiales (COT Art. 108) — Sanciones incrementadas en un 200% (COT Art. 108; Grant Thornton Venezuela)

Section 1 -- Quick Reference

Quick Reference table

Field	Value
Country	Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela)
Currency	Bolívar (VES / Bs.) — wages legally denominated in bolívares; USD bonuses are non-salary
Standard pay frequency	Bi-weekly (quincenal) or monthly; minimum wage stated monthly
Tax year	Calendar year (1 January -- 31 December) (PwC — Venezuela individual)
Income tax	YES — ISLR (Impuesto Sobre la Renta), progressive 6%–34% in UT, employer-withheld
Tax Unit (UT) value	VES 43.00, effective 2 Jun 2025 (SNAT/2025/0048, Gaceta 43,140)
Tax authority	SENIAT (Servicio Nacional Integrado de Administración Aduanera y Tributaria)
Social security authority	IVSS (Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales)
Housing fund	FAOV / BANAVIH (Ley de Régimen Prestacional de Vivienda y Hábitat)
Training levy	INCES (Instituto Nacional de Capacitación y Educación Socialista)
Workplace safety	LOPCYMAT / INPSASEL
Employee withholding form	AR-I (employee → employer, sets withholding %)
Employer certificate form	AR-C / ARC (employer → employee, comprobante de retención)
Annual ISLR return deadline	31 March (natural persons; PwC; Efecto Cocuyo)
Key legislation	Ley de Impuesto Sobre la Renta (Art. 50, Art. 31); Código Orgánico Tributario (COT); Ley del Seguro Social; Ley del Régimen Prestacional de Empleo; Ley del Régimen Prestacional de Vivienda y Hábitat; Ley del INCES; LOPCYMAT
Filing portal	SENIAT en línea (declaraciones.seniat.gob.ve)
Validated by	No independent accountant check is recorded for this version.
Skill version	0.1

Section 2 -- Income Tax Withholding (ISLR — Impuesto Sobre la Renta)

Venezuela does levy personal income tax on employees. The employer is a withholding agent (agente de retención) and applies a withholding percentage derived from the employee's Form AR-I declaration (PwC — Venezuela individual; Nayma Consultores). Residents are taxed on worldwide income; the progressive tariff (Art. 50 LISR) is expressed in UT.

ISLR Progressive Tariff (Art. 50 LISR) — Tax Year 2025

ISLR Progressive Tariff (Art. 50 LISR) — Tax Year 2025 (Source: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (taxes on personal income, last reviewed 12 Jan 2026). Method: tax = (taxable income in UT × bracket rate) − bracket subtraction, then × VES 43.)

Taxable income (UT)	Rate	Subtraction (UT)
0 – 1,000	6%	0
1,000 – 1,500	9%	30
1,500 – 2,000	12%	75
2,000 – 2,500	16%	155
2,500 – 3,000	20%	255
3,000 – 4,000	24%	375
4,000 – 6,000	29%	575
Over 6,000	34%	875

Continuity check (cumulative ISLR in UT at each bracket edge)

Edge (UT)	Lower band tax	Upper band tax	Tie?
1,000	1,000×0.06−0 = 60	1,000×0.09−30 = 60	✓
1,500	1,500×0.09−30 = 105	1,500×0.12−75 = 105	✓
2,000	2,000×0.12−75 = 165	2,000×0.16−155 = 165	✓
2,500	2,500×0.16−155 = 245	2,500×0.20−255 = 245	✓
3,000	3,000×0.20−255 = 345	3,000×0.24−375 = 345	✓
4,000	4,000×0.24−375 = 585	4,000×0.29−575 = 585	✓
6,000	6,000×0.29−575 = 1,165	6,000×0.34−875 = 1,165	✓

All subtraction constants tie out exactly.

Deductions and credits (PwC — Venezuela individual)

Deductions and credits table

Item	Amount	Notes	Source
Standard deduction (desgravamen único)	774 UT (= VES 33,282 at VES 43)	Alternative to itemizing; subtracted from gross before applying the tariff	PwC; Nayma Consultores; Guacamaya
Personal tax credit (rebaja personal)	10 UT per taxpayer	Plus per dependent (children/parents registered in the SENIAT profile)	PwC; Nayma Consultores

774 UT × VES 43 = VES 33,282. 10 UT × VES 43 = VES 430 credit per taxpayer.

Non-residents

• Non-resident withholding — Flat 34% withheld at source on Venezuelan-source income; for professional services the 34% applies to 90% of gross payments (PwC — Venezuela individual)

Section 3 -- ISLR Payroll Withholding Mechanism (employer obligation)

ISLR Payroll Withholding Mechanism table

Item	Detail	Source
Withholding threshold	Employer withholds ISLR from salary only when estimated net annual enrichment ≥ 1,000 UT (= VES 43,000 at VES 43). Below this, no withholding.	PwC; Nayma Consultores
Form AR-I	Filed by the employee → employer. The worker estimates annual income, desgravámenes and dependents to derive the withholding percentage the employer applies each pay period. Submit before the first payment of the year; update if circumstances change.	Nayma Consultores; Efecto Cocuyo
Form AR-C (ARC)	Issued by the employer → employee — comprobante de retención summarizing prior-year income and ISLR withheld; needed by the employee to file the annual return.	Nayma Consultores

Practical reality: because the minimum wage is frozen at VES 130/month (Section 6) and most compensation is paid as non-salary bonuses excluded from the ISLR salary base, the typical formally-paid worker's net annual enrichment falls below 1,000 UT (VES 43,000), so no ISLR is withheld in practice. The mechanics above must still be authored and applied correctly for any worker whose salary base does cross the threshold.

Section 4 -- Social Security & Parafiscal Contributions

Primary source: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (other taxes, last reviewed 12 Jan 2026), which gives the exact splits, ceilings and minimum-wage-denominated caps. Secondary corroboration of the IVSS 4%/9–11% and FAOV 1%/2% splits: CloudPay and Rivermate (EOR guides).

Contribution table (2025)

Contribution table (2025)

Regime	Employee	Employer	Base / ceiling	Source
IVSS (Seguro Social)	4%	9% / 10% / 11% by company risk class (min/medium/max)	Up to 5 minimum urban salaries	PwC; CloudPay; Rivermate
Paro Forzoso (Régimen Prestacional de Empleo — forced unemployment)	0.5%	2%	Up to 10 minimum urban salaries	PwC
FAOV (Régimen Prestacional de Vivienda y Hábitat — housing)	1%	2%	Up to 10 minimum salaries	PwC; CloudPay
INCES (training)	0.5% (on utilidades / profit-sharing bonus)	2% (on total wages/salaries paid)	Employer base = total payroll; employee base = annual utilidades	PwC
LOPCYMAT (workplace health & safety)	— (employer only)	0%	Confirmed 0 — [RESEARCH GAP — reviewer to confirm]	PwC (noted "disputed")

Column totals — salary-based regimes (IVSS + Paro Forzoso + FAOV)

Column totals table

Side	IVSS	Paro Forzoso	FAOV	Salary total
Employee	4.0%	0.5%	1.0%	5.5%
Employer (min risk class, IVSS 9%)	9.0%	2.0%	2.0%	13.0%
Employer (max risk class, IVSS 11%)	11.0%	2.0%	2.0%	15.0%

INCES employee 0.5% is excluded from the salary total because its base is the annual utilidades bonus, not the monthly salary. LOPCYMAT is excluded because its rate is risk-dependent and disputed.

Check: employee 4.0 + 0.5 + 1.0 = 5.5%. Employer (min) 9.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 = 13.0%; (max) 11.0 + 2.0 + 2.0 = 15.0%. Add employer INCES 2.0% (on total payroll) for a combined employer parafiscal load of 15.0%–17.0% before LOPCYMAT. Tie out.

Ceiling distortion (flag). The IVSS (5 min salaries) and Paro Forzoso (10 min salaries) ceilings are denominated in minimum salaries. Because the legal minimum wage is frozen at VES 130/month, these caps are economically trivial: IVSS ceiling ≈ 5 × 130 = VES 650/mo, Paro ceiling ≈ 10 × 130 = VES 1,300/mo. This is a known statutory distortion — apply the caps as written and FLAG.

IVSS "restructured Feb 2025" framing is unconfirmed. Secondary EOR sources (CloudPay, Rivermate, Playroll) assert a Feb-2025 IVSS restructuring, but the rate values (4% employee / 9–11% employer) are confirmed by PwC. [RESEARCH GAP — reviewer to confirm] the primary IVSS Providencia behind any 2025 change; the rate values themselves are sound.

Section 5 -- Minimum Wage & the "Ingreso Mínimo Integral" reality

Minimum Wage & IMI table

Item	Amount	Notes	Source
Legal minimum wage (salario mínimo)	VES 130/month, frozen since March 2022	≈ US$0.50–1/month at the official BCV rate in 2025; this is the figure feeding the IVSS/Paro ceilings	PwC (other taxes, "VES 130 as of 15 March 2022"); WageIndicator — [RESEARCH GAP — reviewer to confirm 2025 BCV/Gaceta minimum wage]
Ingreso Mínimo Integral (IMI)	US$240/month (30 April 2026, presidential announcement)	Comprehensive minimum income — mandatory for private sector	Guacamaya
— Bono de Guerra Económica	US$200 (up from US$120)	Non-salary bonus — mandatory for private sector	Guacamaya
— Cestaticket (food voucher)	US$40	Non-salary bonus	Guacamaya

Critical payroll point. The Bono de Guerra Económica and Cestaticket are explicitly "bonos de carácter no salarial" — they do NOT count toward pensions, prestaciones sociales (severance), social-security contributions, vacation pay, or the ISLR salary base. Therefore IVSS/Paro/FAOV contributions and ISLR withholding are computed on the tiny VES 130 base salary (or contractual base), NOT on the USD bonuses (Guacamaya).

Section 6 -- Conservative Defaults

When an input is missing or ambiguous, apply the conservative assumption (the one that does NOT understate withholding/contributions) and FLAG it for the reviewer.

Conservative defaults table

Unknown	Conservative default	Why
UT value to apply	VES 43.00 (SNAT/2025/0048, eff. 2 Jun 2025)	Current; any earlier value invalidates ISLR
Company IVSS risk class	Use 9% employer (min class) for cost, but FLAG range to 11%	Avoids over-stating employer cost while flagging
Whether a payment is salary or bonus	Treat USD Bono de Guerra / Cestaticket as non-salary (excluded from base)	Statutory characterization
Whether ISLR withholding applies	Withhold only if estimated net annual enrichment ≥ 1,000 UT (VES 43,000)	PwC threshold
Desgravamen	Apply 774 UT standard deduction unless itemizing is substantiated	Simpler, statutory default
Dependents / rebaja	Apply 10 UT taxpayer credit only; add dependents only if registered in SENIAT	Credit requires registration
LOPCYMAT rate	0%	Confirmed 0 per accountant review
Tax year	Default to 2025 unless the period is clearly another year	Skill tax_year is 2025
Currency	Bolívar (VES) for the salary base; USD only for non-salary bonuses	Wages denominated in VES

Section 7 -- Required Inputs + Refusal Catalogue

Required inputs before computing payroll

• Required inputs list — 1. Base monthly salary in bolívares (VES) — the contractual salary, separate from USD bonuses. 2. Any non-salary USD bonuses paid (Bono de Guerra Económica, Cestaticket) — for disclosure only. 3. Company IVSS risk class (min/medium/max → 9% / 10% / 11% employer). 4. Form AR-I withholding percentage (or the data to estimate it: annual income, desgravamen, dependents). 5. Tax/fiscal year and the UT value in force (VES 43.00 for 2025 from 2 Jun 2025). 6. Whether any payment is settled in foreign currency / crypto (IGTF 3% relevance — Section 14). 7. LOPCYMAT/INPSASEL risk registration (for employer safety contribution), where available.

Refusal catalogue — DO NOT compute, refuse and request input

Refusal catalogue table

Situation	Action
No base salary in VES provided	REFUSE — request the bolívar base salary
Only a USD total given, with no split between salary and non-salary bonuses	REFUSE — request the salary/non-salary split; bases differ
UT value unknown or a stale UT (e.g. VES 9) supplied for a 2025 computation	REFUSE — confirm VES 43.00 (SNAT/2025/0048) before any ISLR figure
Request to treat the USD Bono de Guerra / Cestaticket as salary to inflate the base	REFUSE — they are statutorily non-salary; flag
Request to omit IVSS/FAOV/ISLR "to save money"	REFUSE — these are statutory; escalate to accountant
Self-employed / fees / rental / professional-services income mixed in	REFUSE payroll path — route to a Venezuela income-tax skill
Definitive "this is your exact tax" assertion requested	REFUSE — outputs are estimates pending accountant sign-off

Section 8 -- Transaction / Payment Pattern Library (deterministic)

Classify bank-statement lines deterministically. Match case-insensitively; longest/most-specific pattern wins. Venezuelan statements mix Spanish payroll terms with USD-bonus references.

Salary / bonus credits (money arriving in an employee account)

Salary/bonus credit patterns table

Pattern (case-insensitive)	Classification
SALARIO, SUELDO, NOMINA, PAGO QUINCENA, PAGO NOMINA	Net salary payment (salary base)
ABONO SALARIO, TRANSF.* [empresa]	Net salary payment
BONO GUERRA, BONO DE GUERRA, GUERRA ECONOMICA	Bono de Guerra Económica (NON-salary, USD-indexed)
CESTATICKET, CESTA TICKET, ALIMENTACION	Cestaticket food voucher (NON-salary)
UTILIDADES, AGUINALDO, BONO FIN DE AÑO	Profit-sharing / year-end bonus (INCES employee base)
REINTEGRO IVSS, DEVOLUCION IVSS	IVSS refund/adjustment — not income

Employer debits (money leaving the employer account)

Employer debits patterns table

Pattern	Classification
SENIAT, RETENCION ISLR, ISLR NOMINA, PLANILLA ISLR	ISLR withholding remitted to SENIAT (liability settlement)
IVSS, SEGURO SOCIAL, TIUNA	IVSS contribution (employer + employee portions)
PARO FORZOSO, REGIMEN PRESTACIONAL EMPLEO, RPE	Paro Forzoso / employment-benefit contribution
FAOV, BANAVIH, VIVIENDA Y HABITAT	FAOV housing fund
INCES	INCES 2% training levy
LOPCYMAT, INPSASEL	Workplace-safety contribution
IGTF, IMPUESTO GRANDES TRANSACCIONES	3% tax on foreign-currency/crypto payments (Section 14)
PAGO NOMINA, DISPERSION NOMINA	Net wages disbursed to employees

Section 9 -- Worked Examples

All figures use the 2025 ISLR tariff and UT = VES 43.00. The desgravamen único (774 UT = VES 33,282) and 10 UT (VES 430) personal credit are applied where ISLR arises. Social-security contributions are computed on the salary base only (USD non-salary bonuses excluded). Amounts rounded to the cent. These are illustrative bolívar salary bases chosen to exercise the mechanics; real frozen-minimum-wage workers fall below the ISLR threshold.

Example 1 — Frozen minimum-wage worker (typical real case)

Inputs: Salary base VES 130/month → annual base VES 1,560. Plus US$200 Bono de Guerra and US$40 Cestaticket (non-salary). IVSS min risk class.

• Annual salary base VES 1,560 → in UT = 1,560 ÷ 43 = 36.3 UT ≪ 1,000 UT threshold → ISLR = VES 0.00.
• IVSS employee 4% × 130 = VES 5.20; Paro 0.5% × 130 = VES 0.65; FAOV 1% × 130 = VES 1.30.
• Employee deductions = 5.20 + 0.65 + 1.30 = VES 7.15.
• Net salary (VES) = 130.00 − 7.15 = VES 122.85, plus US$240 non-salary bonuses paid separately.

Bank lines: PAGO NOMINA credit VES 122.85; BONO DE GUERRA credit US$200; CESTATICKET credit US$40.

Example 2 — Salary base below the ISLR threshold but above min wage

Inputs: Salary base VES 3,000/month → annual base VES 36,000. IVSS min risk class.

• Annual base VES 36,000 → in UT = 36,000 ÷ 43 = 837.2 UT < 1,000 UT (VES 43,000) → ISLR = VES 0.00 (no withholding).
• IVSS 4% × 3,000 = VES 120.00; Paro 0.5% × 3,000 = VES 15.00; FAOV 1% × 3,000 = VES 30.00.
• Employee deductions = 120.00 + 15.00 + 30.00 = VES 165.00.
• Net salary = 3,000.00 − 165.00 = VES 2,835.00.

Note: the IVSS ceiling (≈5 × 130 = VES 650/mo) is below this salary, so strictly IVSS/Paro would be capped at the ceiling base. This example applies the rate to full salary for mechanical clarity; in production apply min(salary, ceiling) and FLAG the distortion (Section 4).

Example 3 — Salary base crossing the ISLR threshold (6% band)

Inputs: Salary base VES 6,000/month → annual base VES 72,000. Standard desgravamen 774 UT.

• Annual base VES 72,000 → in UT = 72,000 ÷ 43 = 1,674.42 UT.
• Less desgravamen único 774 UT → taxable enrichment = 1,674.42 − 774 = 900.42 UT < 1,000 UT → falls in the 6% band.
• Gross tariff tax = 900.42 × 0.06 − 0 = 54.025 UT.
• Less personal credit (rebaja) 10 UT → 54.025 − 10 = 44.025 UT.
• ISLR (VES) = 44.025 × 43 = VES 1,893.08/year → monthly ≈ 1,893.08 ÷ 12 = VES 157.76.
• IVSS 4% × 6,000 = 240.00; Paro 0.5% × 6,000 = 30.00; FAOV 1% × 6,000 = 60.00 → social = VES 330.00.
• Employee deductions/month = 157.76 + 330.00 = VES 487.76.
• Net salary = 6,000.00 − 487.76 = VES 5,512.24.

Example 4 — Higher salary base (9% band, dependents)

Inputs: Salary base VES 9,000/month → annual base VES 108,000. Desgravamen 774 UT. One dependent (+10 UT credit, total rebaja 20 UT).

• Annual base VES 108,000 → in UT = 108,000 ÷ 43 = 2,511.63 UT.
• Less desgravamen 774 UT → taxable = 2,511.63 − 774 = 1,737.63 UT (falls in the 12% band, 1,500–2,000, subtract 75).
• Gross tariff tax = 1,737.63 × 0.12 − 75 = 208.5153 − 75 = 133.5153 UT.
• Less rebaja 20 UT (taxpayer 10 + dependent 10) → 133.5153 − 20 = 113.5153 UT.
• ISLR (VES) = 113.5153 × 43 = VES 4,881.16/year → monthly ≈ 4,881.16 ÷ 12 = VES 406.76.
• IVSS 4% × 9,000 = 360.00; Paro 0.5% × 9,000 = 45.00; FAOV 1% × 9,000 = 90.00 → social = VES 495.00.
• Employee deductions/month = 406.76 + 495.00 = VES 901.76.
• Net salary = 9,000.00 − 901.76 = VES 8,098.24.

Example 5 — Employer total cost of the Example 3 worker (salary base VES 6,000/month)

Employer total cost table

Employer cost item	Computation	Amount (VES)
Salary base	—	6,000.00
IVSS employer 9%	9% × 6,000	540.00
Paro Forzoso employer 2%	2% × 6,000	120.00
FAOV employer 2%	2% × 6,000	120.00
INCES employer 2%	2% × 6,000	120.00
Total employer cost (ex-LOPCYMAT)	sum	6,900.00

IVSS minimum risk class (9% employer). LOPCYMAT excluded (risk-dependent, see flag).

Check: 6,000 + 540 + 120 + 120 + 120 = 6,900.00. Employer-on-top burden = VES 900.00 = 15.0% of base (IVSS 9% + Paro 2% + FAOV 2% + INCES 2%). Tie out. LOPCYMAT confirmed 0% — no additional amount.

Example 6 — Non-resident professional-services payment

Inputs: Non-resident paid VES 50,000 for professional services.

• Withholding base = 90% × 50,000 = VES 45,000.
• ISLR withheld = 34% × 45,000 = VES 15,300 (PwC — flat 34% on 90% of gross for non-resident professional services).
• Net to non-resident = 50,000.00 − 15,300.00 = VES 34,700.00.

Section 10 -- Tier 1 Rules (hard, non-negotiable)

• Tier 1 hard rules — 1. Use UT = VES 43.00 (SNAT/2025/0048) for all 2025 ISLR computations; never a stale UT. 2. Compute ISLR on the salary base in UT, apply the Art. 50 tariff via the subtraction method, then convert at VES 43. 3. Withhold ISLR only when estimated net annual enrichment ≥ 1,000 UT (VES 43,000) (PwC). 4. The USD Bono de Guerra Económica and Cestaticket are non-salary — exclude them from the ISLR and contribution bases (Guacamaya). 5. IVSS employee 4%, FAOV employee 1%, Paro employee 0.5%; employer IVSS 9%/10%/11% by risk class, Paro 2%, FAOV 2%, INCES 2% (PwC). 6. Apply the IVSS (5 min salaries) and Paro (10 min salaries) ceilings as written, using the VES 130 frozen minimum wage, and FLAG the distortion. 7. Form AR-I (employee→employer) sets the withholding %; Form AR-C/ARC (employer→employee) is the year-end retention certificate. 8. The annual ISLR return for natural persons is due 31 March (installments 31 Mar / 21 Apr / 12 May) (Efecto Cocuyo). 9. Every output is an estimate pending licensed-accountant sign-off.

Section 11 -- Tier 2 Catalogue (reviewer judgement required)

Tier 2 Catalogue table

Question	Why it needs a reviewer
IVSS Feb-2025 "restructuring"	Asserted by EOR secondary sources only; primary Providencia not located
LOPCYMAT rate	Confirmed 0% per accountant review
2025 official minimum wage confirmation	PwC date is 15 Mar 2022; primary BCV/Gaceta 2025 confirmation not retrieved
Exact monthly withholding remittance calendar	Depends on the SENIAT withholding Providencia and special-taxpayer calendar
Deductibility/ordering of IVSS/FAOV against the ISLR base	Not cleanly confirmed against LISR
INCES employee 0.5% base (utilidades) timing	Annual bonus base vs monthly — confirm period
Net wealth tax / IGTF interaction with USD payroll settlement	Confirm IGTF applies to specific salary-settlement flows

Section 12 -- Excel Working Paper Template

Excel Working Paper Template columns (input)

Col	Header	Formula / source
A	Employee name	input
B	Salary base (VES/month)	input (excludes USD bonuses)
C	Annual salary base	=B*12
D	Annual base in UT	=C/$UT
E	Desgravamen (UT)	774 (or itemized if substantiated)
F	Taxable enrichment (UT)	=MAX(0, D-E)
G	Gross tariff tax (UT)	nested IF on F using Art. 50 subtraction constants
H	Rebaja (UT)	=10 + 10*dependents
I	ISLR annual (UT)	=MAX(0, G-H)
J	ISLR annual (VES)	=I*$UT
K	ISLR monthly (VES)	=IF(D>=1000, J/12, 0)
L	IVSS employee	=B*4%
M	Paro employee	=B*0.5%
N	FAOV employee	=B*1%
O	Employee deductions	=K+L+M+N
P	Net salary	=B-O
Q	Employer IVSS (risk class)	=B*risk% (9/10/11%)
R	Employer Paro+FAOV+INCES	=B*(2%+2%+2%)
S	Total employer cost (ex-LOPCYMAT)	=B+Q+R

• ISLR formula for column G (UT, Art. 50 2025) — =IF(F<=1000,F0.06, IF(F<=1500,F0.09-30, IF(F<=2000,F0.12-75, IF(F<=2500,F0.16-155, IF(F<=3000,F0.20-255, IF(F<=4000,F0.24-375, IF(F<=6000,F0.29-575, F0.34-875))))))) (Art. 50 2025)

Apply IVSS/Paro caps (min(B, ceiling)) in production; omitted above for clarity and FLAGGED.

Section 13 -- Bank Statement / Terminology Reading Guide

Bank Statement / Terminology Reading Guide

Spanish term	English / meaning
Nómina	Payroll / payroll run
Salario / Sueldo	Salary / wage
Quincena	Bi-weekly (fortnightly) pay period
Retención ISLR	Income-tax withholding
Unidad Tributaria (UT)	Tax Unit (VES 43.00 in 2025)
Desgravamen único	Standard deduction (774 UT)
Rebaja personal	Personal tax credit (10 UT)
Enriquecimiento neto	Net enrichment (taxable income)
Bono de Guerra Económica	Economic War Bonus (US$200, non-salary)
Cestaticket	Food voucher (US$40, non-salary)
Utilidades / Aguinaldo	Profit-sharing / year-end bonus
IVSS	Venezuelan Social Security Institute
Paro Forzoso	Forced-unemployment (employment-benefit) regime
FAOV / BANAVIH	Housing savings fund / housing bank
INCES	Vocational-training levy
LOPCYMAT / INPSASEL	Workplace health & safety law / institute
Comprobante de retención (AR-C/ARC)	Withholding certificate
IGTF	Tax on Large Financial Transactions (3% on FX/crypto)
Salario mínimo	Minimum wage (VES 130/month)

Section 14 -- Other Taxes Touching Payroll / Individuals

Other Taxes Touching Payroll / Individuals (Source: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries — Venezuela (other taxes, last reviewed 12 Jan 2026).)

Tax	Detail
Tax on Large Financial Transactions (IGTF)	3% on payments made in foreign currency or crypto through the financial system — relevant where employers pay/settle salaries or bonuses in USD
Net Wealth Tax	0.25%/year on net worth ≥ 150,000,000 UT

Section 15 -- Onboarding Fallback

If the engagement lacks key data:

1. No prior nómina available → request the last 3 months of payroll registers plus IVSS/FAOV/SENIAT receipts to back-solve the rates and bases actually applied.
2. UT value uncertain → confirm VES 43.00 against SNAT/2025/0048 (Gaceta 43,140) before any ISLR figure; treat any VES 9 reference as stale (pre-2 Jun 2025).
3. Salary vs bonus split unknown → request the contract; default the USD Bono de Guerra / Cestaticket to non-salary (excluded from base), FLAG.
4. IVSS risk class unknown → default employer 9% (min class), FLAG range to 11%.
5. LOPCYMAT registration unknown → do not quantify; FLAG the 0.75%–10% band pending INPSASEL data.
6. Year ambiguity → default to the 2025 UT and tariff.

Section 16 -- Filing, Forms & Deadlines

Filing, Forms & Deadlines (PwC; Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario; Forvis Mazars / Moore; Nayma Consultores)

Item	Detail	Source
Tax year	Calendar year ending 31 Dec	PwC
Annual ISLR return (natural persons)	Due 31 March; installment option 3 payments — 31 Mar / 21 Apr / 12 May	Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario
Who must file	Net enrichment > 1,000 UT OR gross income > 1,500 UT; requires active RIF + SENIAT portal registration	Efecto Cocuyo
Employer monthly ISLR remittance	Per the SENIAT withholding Providencia / special-taxpayer calendar	Forvis Mazars / Moore retention tables — [RESEARCH GAP — reviewer to confirm exact monthly dates]
Form AR-I	Employee files to employer before the first payment of the year	Nayma Consultores
Form AR-C (ARC)	Employer issues to employee for the prior year	Nayma Consultores

Section 17 -- Penalties (Código Orgánico Tributario — COT)

The 2020 COT reform re-denominated many penalties from UT to the official BCV exchange rate (highest published) rather than UT. Source: Grant Thornton Venezuela COT table; Galac; MPPEF.

Penalties (COT) (Grant Thornton)

Item	Detail	Source
Omitted income / underpayment	Fine 100% to 300% of the omitted tax	Grant Thornton
Failure to file a return	10-day closure of the establishment + fine of 150× the highest official BCV rate	Grant Thornton
Incomplete return / late by ≤ 1 year	Fine 100× the highest BCV rate	Grant Thornton
Late payment (enteramiento tardío) within 1 year	0.28% of amount owed per day of delay, capped at 100%	Grant Thornton; Galac
Late payment after 1 year	Additional 50% of amount owed	Grant Thornton
Late payment after 2 years	Additional 150% of amount owed	Grant Thornton
Special taxpayers (contribuyentes especiales)	Formal-duty penalties increased by 200%	Grant Thornton

Section 18 -- Summary Employer/Employee Burden (2025, salary-based regimes)

Summary Employer/Employee Burden (2025, salary-based regimes)

Contribution	Employee	Employer	Base/cap
ISLR	6–34% progressive (in UT)	(withholding agent)	net enrichment, threshold 1,000 UT
IVSS	4%	9% / 10% / 11% (risk class)	up to 5 min salaries (≈VES 650/mo)
Paro Forzoso	0.5%	2%	up to 10 min salaries (≈VES 1,300/mo)
FAOV	1%	2%	up to 10 min salaries
INCES	0.5% (on utilidades)	2% (on total payroll)	bonus base (ee) / total wages (er)
LOPCYMAT	—	0%	confirmed 0
Salary-based total (ee 5.5% / er 13–15%)	5.5%	13.0%–15.0%	excludes INCES & LOPCYMAT

Check: employee 4 + 0.5 + 1 = 5.5%; employer min 9 + 2 + 2 = 13.0%, max 11 + 2 + 2 = 15.0%. Tie out.

Section 19 -- Reference Material

Reference Material

Topic	Figure	Source
UT value 2025	VES 43.00 (eff. 2 Jun 2025)	SNAT/2025/0048, Gaceta 43,140; Moore retention table
ISLR tariff	6%–34%, Art. 50 LISR	PwC
Desgravamen único	774 UT (VES 33,282)	PwC; Nayma Consultores
Personal credit (rebaja)	10 UT	PwC
Withholding threshold	1,000 UT (VES 43,000)	PwC; Nayma Consultores
Non-resident WHT	34% on 90% of gross (professional services)	PwC
IVSS	4% ee / 9–11% er	PwC; CloudPay; Rivermate
Paro Forzoso	0.5% ee / 2% er	PwC
FAOV	1% ee / 2% er	PwC; CloudPay
INCES	0.5% ee (utilidades) / 2% er (payroll)	PwC
LOPCYMAT	0% er	PwC
Minimum wage	VES 130/month (frozen Mar 2022)	PwC; WageIndicator
Ingreso Mínimo Integral	US$240 (US$200 bono + US$40 cestaticket), non-salary	Guacamaya
Annual ISLR deadline	31 March (installments 31 Mar / 21 Apr / 12 May)	Efecto Cocuyo; El Diario
IGTF	3% on FX/crypto payments	PwC
Net wealth tax	0.25% on net worth ≥ 150,000,000 UT	PwC
COT penalties	100–300% omission; BCV-rate-denominated	Grant Thornton

Key authorities: SENIAT (seniat.gob.ve), IVSS, BANAVIH/FAOV, INCES, INPSASEL, BCV. Big-4/secondary: PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Grant Thornton Venezuela, Moore/Forvis Mazars (retention tables), Efecto Cocuyo, El Diario, Nayma Consultores, Guacamaya, CloudPay, Rivermate, lega.law.

Section 20 -- Test Suite

Each test recomputes end-to-end. Expected values use the 2025 Art. 50 tariff and UT = VES 43.00.

1. Frozen min-wage worker. Salary base VES 130/mo. Annual base 1,560 → 36.3 UT < 1,000 UT → ISLR VES 0.00; employee social = 4%+0.5%+1% × 130 = VES 7.15; net VES 122.85.
2. Below threshold. Salary base VES 3,000/mo. Annual base 36,000 → 837.2 UT < 1,000 UT → ISLR VES 0.00; employee social VES 165.00; net VES 2,835.00.
3. 6% band. Salary base VES 6,000/mo, desgravamen 774 UT, rebaja 10 UT. Taxable 900.42 UT; ISLR annual VES 1,893.08, monthly VES 157.76; net VES 5,512.24.
4. 12% band, 1 dependent. Salary base VES 9,000/mo, desgravamen 774, rebaja 20 UT. Taxable 1,737.63 UT; ISLR annual VES 4,881.16, monthly VES 406.76; net VES 8,098.24.
5. Employer cost. Salary base VES 6,000/mo, IVSS 9% class. Total employer cost (ex-LOPCYMAT) VES 6,900.00 (burden 15.0% of base).
6. Non-resident services. VES 50,000 fee → 34% × (90% × 50,000) = VES 15,300 withheld; net VES 34,700.00.
7. Bracket continuity. Cumulative ISLR at 1,000 UT = 60; at 2,000 UT = 165; at 4,000 UT = 585; at 6,000 UT = 1,165 (subtraction constants tie out — Section 2).
8. Non-salary exclusion. US$200 Bono de Guerra + US$40 Cestaticket → excluded from ISLR and contribution bases; contribution base stays at the VES salary only.
9. Stale-UT refusal. ISLR requested with UT = VES 9 for a 2025 period → REFUSE; require VES 43.00.
10. Currency split refusal. Only a USD total provided with no salary/non-salary split → REFUSE and request the split.

PROHIBITIONS

• Stale UT prohibition — NEVER use a stale Unidad Tributaria — 2025 ISLR uses VES 43.00 (SNAT/2025/0048), not VES 9. (SNAT/2025/0048)
• Non-salary bonus treatment — NEVER treat the USD Bono de Guerra Económica or Cestaticket as salary — they are statutorily non-salary.
• Non-salary bonuses excluded from bases — NEVER include the USD non-salary bonuses in the IVSS/Paro/FAOV/ISLR base.
• Below-threshold withholding — NEVER withhold ISLR where estimated net annual enrichment is below 1,000 UT (VES 43,000).
• Statutory contributions completeness — NEVER omit the statutory contributions: IVSS, Paro Forzoso, FAOV, INCES.
• LOPCYMAT employer rate — LOPCYMAT employer rate is confirmed at 0%.
• IVSS restructuring framing — NEVER present the IVSS "Feb-2025 restructuring" framing as confirmed — only the rate values are sourced.
• Monthly ISLR remittance date — NEVER state an exact monthly ISLR remittance date without the SENIAT withholding calendar — it is a research gap.
• IGTF applicability — NEVER ignore the 3% IGTF where salaries or bonuses are settled in foreign currency or crypto.
• Definitive computations prohibition — NEVER present payroll computations as definitive — always label as estimated and direct to a licensed Venezuelan contador público.

Disclaimer

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