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Book/record retention period
6 years from last entryCódigo de Comercio Art. 30
Financial year (individuals / default)
Calendar year (1 Jan – 31 Dec)LIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades); LIRPF (Ley 35/2006)
Financial year (companies — alternative)
Any 12-month period if stated in articles of associationLIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
IVA standard rate (tipo general)
21%Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido
IVA reduced rate (tipo reducido) — food, transport, hotels, renovation
10%Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido
IVA super-reduced rate (tipo superreducido) — bread, milk, fruit, vegetables, books, medicines
4%Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido
IVA exempt rate — medical, education, financial services, insurance
0% (exento)Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido
Estimación directa simplificada — maximum prior-year revenue
EUR 600,000LIRPF (Ley 35/2006); Reglamento IRPF (RD 439/2007)
Home office — utilities deductible % of proportional area
30% of proportional area for utilitiesArt. 30.2.5c LIRPF
Professional fees — IRPF withholding retention rate
15%LIRPF (Ley 35/2006); Reglamento IRPF (RD 439/2007)
Travel per diem — Spain (domestic)
EUR 26.67/dayReglamento IRPF (RD 439/2007)
Travel per diem — abroad (international)
EUR 48.08/dayReglamento IRPF (RD 439/2007)
Vehicle IVA deductibility (autónomo)
50% IVA deductibleLey 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido; LIRPF (Ley 35/2006)
Vehicle fuel — IVA deductible % (rebuttable)
50%Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido
Fines and penalties — income tax deductibility
NOT deductibleLIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
Donations — maximum deductible % of tax base
10% of tax baseLIS Art. 20
Low-value asset expensing threshold — per unit (empresas de reducida dimensión)
≤ EUR 300 per unitLIS Art. 102
Low-value asset expensing threshold — annual aggregate (empresas de reducida dimensión)
max EUR 25,000/year aggregateLIS Art. 102
Civil works (general) — max linear depreciation rate
2%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Civil works (general) — max depreciation period
100 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Industrial buildings — max linear depreciation rate
3%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Industrial buildings — max depreciation period
68 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Commercial/administrative buildings — max linear depreciation rate
2%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Commercial/administrative buildings — max depreciation period
100 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
General installations — max linear depreciation rate
10%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
General installations — max depreciation period
20 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Machinery (maquinaria) — max linear depreciation rate
12%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Machinery (maquinaria) — max depreciation period
18 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Tools (utillaje) — max linear depreciation rate
25%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Tools (utillaje) — max depreciation period
8 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Furniture (mobiliario) — max linear depreciation rate
10%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Furniture (mobiliario) — max depreciation period
20 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Electronic equipment (equipos electrónicos) — max linear depreciation rate
20%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Electronic equipment (equipos electrónicos) — max depreciation period
10 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Computer equipment (equipos de información) — max linear depreciation rate
25%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Computer equipment (equipos de información) — max depreciation period
8 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Software (sistemas y programas informáticos) — max linear depreciation rate
33%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Software (sistemas y programas informáticos) — max depreciation period
6 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Vehicles — external transport — max linear depreciation rate
16%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Vehicles — external transport — max depreciation period
14 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Trucks (autocamiones) — max linear depreciation rate
20%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Trucks (autocamiones) — max depreciation period
10 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Internal transport elements — max linear depreciation rate
10%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Internal transport elements — max depreciation period
20 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Other fixtures (otros enseres) — max linear depreciation rate
15%LIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Other fixtures (otros enseres) — max depreciation period
14 yearsLIS Art. 12.1.a — Tabla de Amortización Lineal
Empresas de reducida dimensión — prior-year net revenue threshold
< EUR 10,000,000LIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
Empresas de reducida dimensión — accelerated rate for new tangible fixed assets
2x the maximum linear coefficientLIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
Empresas de reducida dimensión — accelerated rate for intangibles with indefinite useful life
150% of the deductible amountLIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
Empresas de reducida dimensión — transitional period after exceeding EUR 10M threshold
3 yearsLIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
PGC-PYMES — total assets threshold
≤ EUR 4,000,000PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
PGC-PYMES — net revenue threshold
≤ EUR 8,000,000PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
PGC-PYMES — average employees threshold
≤ 50PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
Microempresa — total assets threshold
≤ EUR 1,000,000PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
Microempresa — net revenue threshold
≤ EUR 2,000,000PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
Microempresa — average employees threshold
≤ 10PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007)
Statutory audit required — total assets threshold
> EUR 2,850,000Ley de Sociedades de Capital; Ley de Auditoría de Cuentas (Ley 22/2015)
Statutory audit required — net revenue threshold
> EUR 5,700,000Ley de Sociedades de Capital; Ley de Auditoría de Cuentas (Ley 22/2015)
Statutory audit required — employees threshold
> 50Ley de Sociedades de Capital; Ley de Auditoría de Cuentas (Ley 22/2015)
Autónomo — book retention period (tax)
4 yearsLey 58/2003, General Tributaria
Autónomo — book retention period (commercial)
6 yearsCódigo de Comercio Art. 30
SII (Suministro Inmediato de Información) — mandatory revenue threshold
Revenue > EUR 6,000,000Ley 37/1992 del Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido; RD 596/2016
Legal reserve — mandatory annual allocation % of profit
10% of profitLey de Sociedades de Capital
Legal reserve — cap (% of share capital)
20% of capitalLey de Sociedades de Capital
Rental property depreciation rate (rendimientos del capital inmobiliario)
3% of acquisition cost (excluding land)LIRPF (Ley 35/2006); Reglamento IRPF (RD 439/2007)
Quick Reference
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Country | Spain (Reino de España) |
| Currency | EUR |
| Financial year | Calendar year (1 Jan -- 31 Dec) for tax; companies may choose any 12-month period if stated in articles |
| Accounting standards | PGC (Plan General de Contabilidad, RD 1514/2007); PGC-PYMES (RD 1515/2007) for SMEs |
| Governing body | ICAC (Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuentas); Agencia Tributaria |
| Key legislation | Código de Comercio (Art. 25--49); Ley de Sociedades de Capital; LIS (Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades); LIRPF (Ley 35/2006); PGC / PGC-PYMES |
| Standard chart of accounts | PGC Cuadro de Cuentas — 7 groups, not mandatory to use exact codes but recommended and universally adopted |
| Record retention | 6 years from last entry (Código de Comercio Art. 30) |
The PGC defines 7 account groups. Groups 1--5 are balance sheet accounts; Groups 6--7 are income statement accounts. The cuadro de cuentas is technically not mandatory, but it is universally used and the definitions and accounting relationships in Part 5 of the PGC are binding.
Grupo 1 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | Capital social | Share capital |
| 102 | Capital | Owner's equity (sole trader) |
| 112 | Reserva legal | Legal reserve (10% of profit until 20% of capital) |
| 113 | Reservas voluntarias | Voluntary reserves |
| 120 | Remanente | Retained earnings |
| 121 | Resultados negativos de ejercicios anteriores | Accumulated losses |
| 129 | Resultado del ejercicio | Current year profit/loss |
| 130 | Subvenciones oficiales de capital | Government capital grants |
| 141 | Provisión para impuestos | Tax provisions |
| 142 | Provisión para otras responsabilidades | Other provisions |
| 170 | Deudas a largo plazo con entidades de crédito | Long-term bank loans |
| 171 | Deudas a largo plazo | Other long-term debts |
| 174 | Acreedores por arrendamiento financiero a l/p | Finance lease liabilities (long-term) |
Grupo 2 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | Investigación | Research costs (expense under PGC-PYMES) |
| 201 | Desarrollo | Development costs |
| 203 | Propiedad industrial | Patents, trademarks |
| 206 | Aplicaciones informáticas | Software |
| 210 | Terrenos y bienes naturales | Land |
| 211 | Construcciones | Buildings |
| 212 | Instalaciones técnicas | Technical installations |
| 213 | Maquinaria | Machinery |
| 214 | Utillaje | Tools |
| 215 | Otras instalaciones | Other installations |
| 216 | Mobiliario | Furniture |
| 217 | Equipos para procesos de información | Computer equipment |
| 218 | Elementos de transporte | Vehicles |
| 219 | Otro inmovilizado material | Other tangible assets |
| 280 | Amortización acumulada del inmovilizado intangible | Accumulated amortisation (intangible) |
| 281 | Amortización acumulada del inmovilizado material | Accumulated depreciation (tangible) |
| 290 | Deterioro de valor del inmovilizado intangible | Impairment (intangible) |
| 291 | Deterioro de valor del inmovilizado material | Impairment (tangible) |
Grupo 3 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 300 | Mercaderías | Merchandise |
| 310 | Materias primas | Raw materials |
| 350 | Productos terminados | Finished goods |
| 390 | Deterioro de valor de las mercaderías | Inventory provisions |
Grupo 4 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 400 | Proveedores | Trade payables |
| 410 | Acreedores por prestaciones de servicios | Creditors for services |
| 430 | Clientes | Trade receivables |
| 440 | Deudores | Sundry debtors |
| 465 | Remuneraciones pendientes de pago | Salaries payable |
| 470 | Hacienda Pública, deudora | Tax receivable (income tax, IVA) |
| 4700 | H.P. deudora por IVA | IVA receivable (input > output) |
| 472 | H.P. IVA soportado | Input IVA |
| 473 | H.P. retenciones y pagos a cuenta | Withholding tax paid |
| 475 | Hacienda Pública, acreedora | Tax payable |
| 4750 | H.P. acreedora por IVA | IVA payable |
| 477 | H.P. IVA repercutido | Output IVA |
| 476 | Organismos de la Seguridad Social, acreedores | Social security payable |
| 480 | Gastos anticipados | Prepaid expenses |
| 485 | Ingresos anticipados | Deferred income |
Grupo 5 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 520 | Deudas a corto plazo con entidades de crédito | Short-term bank loans |
| 523 | Proveedores de inmovilizado a corto plazo | Short-term creditors for fixed assets |
| 524 | Acreedores por arrendamiento financiero a c/p | Finance lease liabilities (short-term) |
| 551 | Cuenta corriente con socios y administradores | Directors' current account |
| 570 | Caja, euros | Cash in hand (EUR) |
| 572 | Bancos e instituciones de crédito c/c vista | Bank current accounts |
| 573 | Bancos e instituciones de crédito c/c ahorro | Bank savings accounts |
| 574 | Bancos e inst. crédito, cuentas ahorro, m/e | Foreign currency bank accounts |
Grupo 6 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 600 | Compras de mercaderías | Merchandise purchases |
| 601 | Compras de materias primas | Raw material purchases |
| 602 | Compras de otros aprovisionamientos | Other supplies |
| 606 | Descuentos sobre compras por pronto pago | Purchase discounts |
| 607 | Trabajos realizados por otras empresas | Subcontracting |
| 621 | Arrendamientos y cánones | Rent and royalties |
| 622 | Reparaciones y conservación | Repairs and maintenance |
| 623 | Servicios de profesionales independientes | Professional fees |
| 624 | Transportes | Transport costs |
| 625 | Primas de seguros | Insurance premiums |
| 626 | Servicios bancarios y similares | Bank charges |
| 627 | Publicidad, propaganda y relaciones públicas | Advertising and PR |
| 628 | Suministros | Utilities (electricity, water, gas) |
| 629 | Otros servicios | Telecoms, postage, other services |
| 631 | Otros tributos | Non-income taxes (IAE, IBI) |
| 640 | Sueldos y salarios | Salaries |
| 642 | Seguridad Social a cargo de la empresa | Employer social security |
| 649 | Otros gastos sociales | Other social costs |
| 650 | Pérdidas de créditos comerciales incobrables | Bad debts |
| 662 | Intereses de deudas | Interest on borrowings |
| 669 | Otros gastos financieros | Other financial expenses |
| 678 | Gastos excepcionales | Exceptional charges |
| 680 | Amortización del inmovilizado intangible | Amortisation — intangible |
| 681 | Amortización del inmovilizado material | Depreciation — tangible |
| 694 | Pérdidas por deterioro de créditos | Impairment of receivables |
Grupo 7 accounts
| Code | Account | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 700 | Ventas de mercaderías | Merchandise sales |
| 701 | Ventas de productos terminados | Sales of finished goods |
| 705 | Prestaciones de servicios | Service revenue |
| 706 | Descuentos sobre ventas por pronto pago | Sales discounts |
| 708 | Devoluciones de ventas | Sales returns |
| 740 | Subvenciones, donaciones y legados a la explotación | Operating grants |
| 746 | Subvenciones, donaciones y legados de capital transferidos | Capital grants amortised |
| 762 | Ingresos de créditos | Interest income |
| 769 | Otros ingresos financieros | Other financial income |
| 771 | Beneficios procedentes del inmovilizado material | Gains on disposal of fixed assets |
| 778 | Ingresos excepcionales | Exceptional income |
Revenue Recognition scenarios
| Scenario | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Default (PGC) | Accruals basis (devengo) — revenue recognised when goods/services delivered |
| Estimación directa normal | Full accruals with double-entry bookkeeping |
| Estimación directa simplificada | Simplified bookkeeping but still accruals basis; available if prior year revenue < EUR 600,000 |
| Estimación objetiva (módulos) | Revenue estimated by objective parameters (for qualifying activities); simplified records |
| Autónomos (self-employed) | Must keep libro de ingresos (income book) and libro de gastos (expense book) |
| IVA on sales | Revenue recorded net of IVA; IVA goes to 477 (IVA repercutido) |
| Advance payments | Credited to 485 (Ingresos anticipados) until service delivered |
IVA Rates
| Rate | Application |
|---|---|
| 21% (general) | Standard rate — most goods and services |
| 10% (reducido) | Food, transport, hotels, renovation |
| 4% (superreducido) | Bread, milk, fruit, vegetables, books, medicines |
| 0% (exento) | Medical, education, financial services, insurance |
Expense Classification table
| Expense Type | PGC Code | Tax Deductibility | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rent (commercial premises) | 621 | Fully deductible | |
| Utilities | 628 | Fully deductible for business premises | Apportion if home office |
| Home office (autónomo) | 628/621 | 30% of proportional area for utilities; rent proportional to m² | Art. 30.2.5c LIRPF |
| Professional fees (asesor fiscal, abogado) | 623 | Fully deductible | Subject to 15% IRPF retention |
| Insurance | 625 | Fully deductible (business) | |
| Advertising | 627 | Fully deductible | |
| Travel | 629 | Deductible; per-diem: EUR 26.67/day (Spain), EUR 48.08/day (abroad) | |
| Entertainment | 627 | Deductible if related to revenue generation and documented | No blanket block; reasonableness test |
| Office supplies | 602 | Fully deductible | |
| Telecoms | 629 | Fully deductible (business line) | Apportion if mixed |
| Bank charges | 626 | Fully deductible | |
| Vehicle (autónomo) | Various | 50% IVA deductible; income tax deductible only if exclusively for business (affectación exclusiva) | Very restrictive for autónomos |
| Vehicle fuel | 602 | 50% IVA deductible (rebuttable); income tax % based on use | |
| Fines and penalties | 678 | NOT deductible | |
| Depreciation | 680/681 | Deductible per LIS Art. 12 tables | See Section 5 |
| Donations | 678 | Limited deductibility (LIS Art. 20: 10% of tax base) |
Capitalisation Rules (LIS Art. 102; LIS Art. 12)
| Rule | Amount | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Low-value assets (empresas de reducida dimensión) | ≤ EUR 300 per unit, max EUR 25,000/year aggregate | May be expensed immediately (LIS Art. 102) |
| General rule | > EUR 300 or above aggregate limit | Capitalise and depreciate per LIS Art. 12 |
| Autónomos (estimación directa) | Same rules apply |
Depreciation Rates Table (LIS Art. 12.1.a)
| Asset Category | Max Linear Rate | Max Period (Years) |
|---|---|---|
| Civil works (general) | 2% | 100 |
| Industrial buildings | 3% | 68 |
| Commercial/administrative buildings | 2% | 100 |
| General installations | 10% | 20 |
| Machinery (maquinaria) | 12% | 18 |
| Tools (utillaje) | 25% | 8 |
| Furniture (mobiliario) | 10% | 20 |
| Electronic equipment (equipos electrónicos) | 20% | 10 |
| Computer equipment (equipos de información) | 25% | 8 |
| Software (sistemas y programas informáticos) | 33% | 6 |
| Vehicles — external transport | 16% | 14 |
| Vehicles — trucks (autocamiones) | 20% | 10 |
| Internal transport elements | 10% | 20 |
| Other fixtures (otros enseres) | 15% | 14 |
For autónomos using the simplified direct estimation method, a separate simplified depreciation table (Orden de 27 de marzo de 1998) applies with generally similar or slightly higher rates.
The PGC-PYMES prescribes a vertical format classifying expenses by nature:
CUENTA DE PÉRDIDAS Y GANANCIAS
Ejercicio terminado el [date]
1. Importe neto de la cifra de negocios xxx
a) Ventas xxx
b) Prestaciones de servicios xxx
2. Variación de existencias de productos xxx
3. Trabajos realizados por la empresa para su activo xxx
4. Aprovisionamientos (xxx)
a) Consumo de mercaderías (xxx)
b) Consumo de materias primas (xxx)
c) Trabajos realizados por otras empresas (xxx)
5. Otros ingresos de explotación xxx
6. Gastos de personal (xxx)
a) Sueldos, salarios y asimilados (xxx)
b) Cargas sociales (xxx)
7. Otros gastos de explotación (xxx)
a) Servicios exteriores (xxx)
b) Tributos (xxx)
c) Pérdidas, deterioro y variación provisiones (xxx)
d) Otros gastos de gestión corriente (xxx)
8. Amortización del inmovilizado (xxx)
9. Imputación de subvenciones de inmovilizado xxx
10. Excesos de provisiones xxx
11. Deterioro y resultado por enajenaciones xxx
-----
A) RESULTADO DE EXPLOTACIÓN xxx
12. Ingresos financieros xxx
13. Gastos financieros (xxx)
14. Variaciones de valor razonable en inst. financieros xxx
15. Diferencias de cambio xxx
16. Deterioro y resultado enajenaciones inst. fin. xxx
-----
B) RESULTADO FINANCIERO xxx
-----
C) RESULTADO ANTES DE IMPUESTOS (A+B) xxx
17. Impuestos sobre beneficios (xxx)
-----
D) RESULTADO DEL EJERCICIO xxx
The PGC-PYMES prescribes a horizontal format:
BALANCE DE SITUACIÓN
Al [date]
ACTIVO PATRIMONIO NETO Y PASIVO
A) ACTIVO NO CORRIENTE A) PATRIMONIO NETO
I. Inmovilizado intangible xxx A-1) Fondos propios
II. Inmovilizado material xxx I. Capital xxx
III. Inversiones inmobiliarias xxx III. Reservas xxx
IV. Inversiones financieras xxx V. Resultados ej. ant. xxx
----- VII. Resultado ejercicio xxx
xxx -----
xxx
B) ACTIVO CORRIENTE A-2) Subvenciones, donaciones xxx
I. Existencias xxx
II. Deudores comerciales xxx B) PASIVO NO CORRIENTE
III. Inversiones fin. c/p xxx I. Deudas a largo plazo xxx
IV. Efectivo y equiv. xxx II. Deudas con emp. grupo xxx
----- -----
xxx xxx
C) PASIVO CORRIENTE
I. Deudas a corto plazo xxx
II. Deudas con emp. grupo xxx
III. Acreedores comerciales xxx
-----
xxx
----- -----
TOTAL ACTIVO xxx TOTAL P. NETO Y PASIVO xxx
Spanish Bank Statement Formats
| Bank | Format | Key Fields |
|---|---|---|
| CaixaBank | Norma 43 (CSB) / CSV | Fecha operación, Fecha valor, Concepto, Importe, Saldo |
| Banco Santander | Norma 43 / CSV / OFX | Fecha, Concepto, Importe, Saldo disponible |
| BBVA | Norma 43 / CSV | Fecha, Descripción, Cargo, Abono, Saldo |
| Banco Sabadell | Norma 43 / CSV | Fecha movimiento, Concepto, Importe |
| Bankinter | Norma 43 / CSV | Fecha, Descripción, Importe |
| Revolut / N26 | CSV | Date, Description, Amount, Currency |
Common Spanish Transaction Descriptions
| Pattern | Likely Classification |
|---|---|
| TRANSFERENCIA / TRANSF | Bank transfer — check if income or expense |
| RECIBO / ADEUDO | Direct debit — utility, insurance, social security |
| TARJETA / TPV | Card payment — check merchant |
| NÓMINA | Payroll payment (640) |
| AEAT / AGENCIA TRIBUTARIA | Tax payment (IVA, IRPF, IS) — exclude from P&L |
| SEG. SOCIAL / TGSS | Social security contribution (642) |
| ALQUILER | Rent payment (621) |
| CUOTA PRÉSTAMO | Loan instalment — split capital (170/520) and interest (662) |
| COMISIÓN / GASTOS | Bank charges (626) |
| TRASPASO | Internal transfer — exclude |
| INGRESO EFECTIVO | Cash deposit |
| AUTÓNOMO / RETA | Self-employed social security contribution |
PGC-PYMES Eligibility
| Criterion | PGC-PYMES Threshold | Microempresa Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Total assets | ≤ EUR 4,000,000 | ≤ EUR 1,000,000 |
| Net revenue | ≤ EUR 8,000,000 | ≤ EUR 2,000,000 |
| Average employees | ≤ 50 | ≤ 10 |
Simplifications table
| Requirement | Microempresa | PGC-PYMES | PGC (full) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chart of accounts | PGC-PYMES cuadro | PGC-PYMES cuadro (7 groups) | PGC cuadro (7 groups + subgroups 8/9) |
| Balance sheet | Abbreviated | Abbreviated | Full |
| P&L | Abbreviated | Abbreviated | Full |
| Estado de cambios en el patrimonio neto (ECPN) | NOT required | Required | Required |
| Estado de flujos de efectivo (EFE) | NOT required | NOT required | Required if not abbreviated |
| Memoria (Notes) | Simplified | Simplified | Full |
| Financial instruments | At cost (no fair value) | At cost (simplified) | Fair value options |
| Leases | Expense method allowed (microempresa) | Finance/operating distinction | Full IFRS-style |
| Audit | NOT required (unless exceeding thresholds for 2 years) | Not required if small | Required if exceeding any 2 of: assets > EUR 2.85M, revenue > EUR 5.7M, employees > 50 |
| Filing (Registro Mercantil) | Abbreviated | Abbreviated | Full |
Autónomo Bookkeeping Obligations
| Obligation | Detail |
|---|---|
| Libro de ingresos | Record all income with date, invoice number, client, amount, IVA |
| Libro de gastos | Record all expenses with date, invoice number, supplier, amount, IVA |
| Libro registro de bienes de inversión | Fixed asset register (if applicable) |
| Libro registro de IVA | IVA received (repercutido) and IVA paid (soportado) |
| Retention | All books and invoices for 4 years (tax) / 6 years (commercial) |
| SII (Suministro Inmediato de Información) | Mandatory for large companies (revenue > EUR 6M); electronic IVA register reporting |
Interaction with Tax Skills
| Tax Skill | How Bookkeeping Connects |
|---|---|
| spain-income-tax (IS/IRPF) | Resultado contable from the cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias is the starting point. Non-deductible items (fines, excess depreciation, non-deductible donations) are adjusted in the Modelo 200 (IS) or Modelo 100 (IRPF). Autónomos declare business income in Modelo 130 (quarterly) and Modelo 100 (annual). |
| spain-vat-return | IVA accounts (472 soportado, 477 repercutido, 4700, 4750) feed the Modelo 303 (quarterly IVA return). Annual summary: Modelo 390. Reconcile IVA ledgers quarterly. |
| es-modelo-111 | IRPF withholdings on professional fees (account 473 for payer; 4751 for payee) declared quarterly on Modelo 111. Annual summary: Modelo 190. |
| es-rental-income | Rental income and expenses feed into IRPF rendimientos del capital inmobiliario. Depreciation on rental property at 3% of acquisition cost (excluding land). |
| spain-social-security | Autónomo RETA contributions and employer cuotas de Seguridad Social (account 642). Monthly payment to TGSS. Deductible expense for income tax. |
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Other Spain computations in the OpenAccountants Tax Library.
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