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| 1 | --- |
| 2 | name: spain-financial-statements |
| 3 | description: > |
| 4 | Use this skill when preparing, reviewing, or advising on annual financial statements (cuentas anuales) for a Spanish company. Trigger on phrases like "cuentas anuales", "Registro Mercantil", "depósito de cuentas", "Plan General de Contabilidad", "PGC", "PGC PYMES", "balance", "cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias", "memoria", "auditoría España", "ICAC", or any question about preparing and filing statutory accounts under Spanish commercial law. Covers PGC/PGC-PYMES frameworks, size thresholds, required statements, formats, notes, filing deadlines, and audit requirements. |
| 5 | version: 1.0 |
| 6 | jurisdiction: ES |
| 7 | category: financial-statements |
| 8 | depends_on: |
| 9 | - financial-statements-workflow-base |
| 10 | --- |
| 11 | |
| 12 | # Spain Financial Statements Skill v1.0 |
| 13 | |
| 14 | --- |
| 15 | |
| 16 | ## Section 1 -- Quick Reference |
| 17 | |
| 18 | | Field | Value | |
| 19 | |---|---| |
| 20 | | Country | Spain (Reino de España) | |
| 21 | | Currency | EUR | |
| 22 | | Filing authority | Registro Mercantil Provincial | |
| 23 | | Primary legislation | Texto Refundido de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital (TRLSC); Código de Comercio | |
| 24 | | Supporting legislation | Real Decreto 1514/2007 (PGC); Real Decreto 1515/2007 (PGC-PYMES); Ley 22/2015 (Auditoría) | |
| 25 | | Accounting standards | Plan General de Contabilidad (PGC) or PGC-PYMES | |
| 26 | | Financial year | Usually calendar year (January–December) | |
| 27 | | Filing deadline | 1 month after AGM approval of accounts | |
| 28 | | AGM deadline | Within 6 months from year-end | |
| 29 | | Filing fee | Approximately EUR 20–40 (varies by registry) | |
| 30 | | Digital filing | Electronic via registradores.org or paper | |
| 31 | |
| 32 | --- |
| 33 | |
| 34 | ## Section 2 -- Reporting Framework |
| 35 | |
| 36 | | Entity type | Applicable standard | |
| 37 | |---|---| |
| 38 | | Large/medium companies | PGC (full Plan General de Contabilidad, RD 1514/2007) | |
| 39 | | Small companies (eligible per Art. 257 TRLSC) | PGC-PYMES (simplified, RD 1515/2007) or full PGC (choice) | |
| 40 | | Micro-entities (Art. 2 RD 1515/2007) | PGC-PYMES with additional micro-entity simplifications | |
| 41 | | Listed groups (consolidated) | IFRS as adopted by the EU (mandatory) | |
| 42 | | Non-listed groups (consolidated) | PGC consolidated rules or IFRS (choice) | |
| 43 | |
| 44 | --- |
| 45 | |
| 46 | ## Section 3 -- Size Thresholds |
| 47 | |
| 48 | ### Abbreviated accounts (cuentas anuales abreviadas) — Art. 257 TRLSC |
| 49 | |
| 50 | Companies may prepare abbreviated balance sheet and equity statement if for two consecutive years they meet at least 2 of 3: |
| 51 | |
| 52 | | Criterion | Abbreviated balance sheet (Art. 257) | Abbreviated P&L (Art. 258) | |
| 53 | |---|---|---| |
| 54 | | Total activo (Total assets) | ≤ EUR 4,000,000 | ≤ EUR 11,400,000 | |
| 55 | | Cifra de negocios (Turnover) | ≤ EUR 8,000,000 | ≤ EUR 22,800,000 | |
| 56 | | Empleados (Employees) | ≤ 50 | ≤ 250 | |
| 57 | |
| 58 | ### PGC-PYMES eligibility |
| 59 | |
| 60 | Same thresholds as abbreviated balance sheet (Art. 257 TRLSC): assets ≤ EUR 4M, turnover ≤ EUR 8M, employees ≤ 50. |
| 61 | |
| 62 | ### Micro-entity criteria (within PGC-PYMES) |
| 63 | |
| 64 | | Criterion | Threshold | |
| 65 | |---|---| |
| 66 | | Total activo | ≤ EUR 1,000,000 | |
| 67 | | Cifra de negocios | ≤ EUR 2,000,000 | |
| 68 | | Empleados | ≤ 10 | |
| 69 | |
| 70 | --- |
| 71 | |
| 72 | ## Section 4 -- Required Financial Statements |
| 73 | |
| 74 | | Document | Micro/Small (abbreviated) | Medium/Large (normal) | |
| 75 | |---|---|---| |
| 76 | | Balance (Balance sheet) | Required (abridged) | Required (full) | |
| 77 | | Cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias (P&L) | Required (abridged if Art. 258 met) | Required (full) | |
| 78 | | Estado de cambios en el patrimonio neto (ECPN) | Not required (abbreviated) | Required | |
| 79 | | Estado de flujos de efectivo (EFE / Cash flow) | Not required | Required (if not abbreviated balance) | |
| 80 | | Memoria (Notes) | Required (abbreviated) | Required (full) | |
| 81 | | Informe de gestión (Management report) | Not required (if abbreviated balance) | Required | |
| 82 | | Informe de auditoría (Audit report) | If applicable | Required | |
| 83 | |
| 84 | --- |
| 85 | |
| 86 | ## Section 5 -- Year-End Adjustments Checklist |
| 87 | |
| 88 | | # | Adjustment | Spain-specific notes | |
| 89 | |---|---|---| |
| 90 | | 1 | Amortización (Depreciation) | PGC NRV 2ª; systematic method; useful life; fiscal tables (tax alignment common for SMEs) | |
| 91 | | 2 | Provisiones (Provisions) | PGC NRV 15ª; probable obligation, reliable estimate | |
| 92 | | 3 | Periodificación (Accruals/prepayments) | Ajustes por periodificación; strict matching | |
| 93 | | 4 | Deterioro de créditos comerciales (Bad debts) | PGC NRV 9ª; individual + portfolio-based; insolvency at 6 months overdue | |
| 94 | | 5 | Existencias (Inventory) | Lower of cost (PMP/FIFO) and net realisable value | |
| 95 | | 6 | Impuesto diferido (Deferred tax) | PGC NRV 13ª; temporary differences; IS rate 25% (general) | |
| 96 | | 7 | Diferencias de cambio (FX) | PGC NRV 11ª; monetary items at closing rate | |
| 97 | | 8 | Indemnizaciones por despido (Severance) | Provision if restructuring plan exists | |
| 98 | | 9 | Vacaciones devengadas (Holiday accrual) | Provision for untaken leave + social security | |
| 99 | | 10 | Subvenciones de capital (Capital grants) | Recognised in equity, released to P&L over asset life | |
| 100 | | 11 | Arrendamientos financieros (Finance leases) | Capitalised (PGC NRV 8ª) — substance over form | |
| 101 | | 12 | Impuesto sobre Sociedades (IS provision) | Current tax + deferred tax adjustments | |
| 102 | |
| 103 | --- |
| 104 | |
| 105 | ## Section 6 -- Cuenta de Pérdidas y Ganancias Format (P&L) |
| 106 | |
| 107 | PGC format — normal model (by nature): |
| 108 | |
| 109 | ``` |
| 110 | A) OPERACIONES CONTINUADAS |
| 111 | |
| 112 | 1. Importe neto de la cifra de negocios |
| 113 | a) Ventas |
| 114 | b) Prestaciones de servicios |
| 115 | |
| 116 | 2. Variación de existencias de productos terminados y en curso |
| 117 | |
| 118 | 3. Trabajos realizados por la empresa para su activo |
| 119 | |
| 120 | 4. Aprovisionamientos |
| 121 | a) Consumo de mercaderías |
| 122 | b) Consumo de materias primas |
| 123 | c) Trabajos realizados por otras empresas |
| 124 | |
| 125 | 5. Otros ingresos de explotación |
| 126 | |
| 127 | 6. Gastos de personal |
| 128 | a) Sueldos, salarios y asimilados |
| 129 | b) Cargas sociales |
| 130 | |
| 131 | 7. Otros gastos de explotación |
| 132 | |
| 133 | 8. Amortización del inmovilizado |
| 134 | |
| 135 | 9. Imputación de subvenciones de inmovilizado no financiero |
| 136 | |
| 137 | 10. Excesos de provisiones |
| 138 | |
| 139 | 11. Deterioro y resultado por enajenaciones del inmovilizado |
| 140 | |
| 141 | A.1) RESULTADO DE EXPLOTACIÓN |
| 142 | |
| 143 | 12. Ingresos financieros |
| 144 | 13. Gastos financieros |
| 145 | 14. Variación de valor razonable en instrumentos financieros |
| 146 | 15. Diferencias de cambio |
| 147 | 16. Deterioro y resultado por enajenaciones de instrumentos financieros |
| 148 | |
| 149 | A.2) RESULTADO FINANCIERO |
| 150 | |
| 151 | A.3) RESULTADO ANTES DE IMPUESTOS |
| 152 | |
| 153 | 17. Impuestos sobre beneficios |
| 154 | |
| 155 | A.4) RESULTADO DEL EJERCICIO PROCEDENTE DE OPERACIONES CONTINUADAS |
| 156 | |
| 157 | B) OPERACIONES INTERRUMPIDAS |
| 158 | |
| 159 | A.5) RESULTADO DEL EJERCICIO |
| 160 | ``` |
| 161 | |
| 162 | --- |
| 163 | |
| 164 | ## Section 7 -- Balance Format (Balance Sheet) |
| 165 | |
| 166 | PGC format — normal model: |
| 167 | |
| 168 | ``` |
| 169 | ACTIVO (Assets) |
| 170 | |
| 171 | A) ACTIVO NO CORRIENTE |
| 172 | I. Inmovilizado intangible |
| 173 | II. Inmovilizado material |
| 174 | III. Inversiones inmobiliarias |
| 175 | IV. Inversiones en empresas del grupo y asociadas a largo plazo |
| 176 | V. Inversiones financieras a largo plazo |
| 177 | VI. Activos por impuesto diferido |
| 178 | |
| 179 | B) ACTIVO CORRIENTE |
| 180 | I. Existencias |
| 181 | II. Deudores comerciales y otras cuentas a cobrar |
| 182 | III. Inversiones en empresas del grupo y asociadas a corto plazo |
| 183 | IV. Inversiones financieras a corto plazo |
| 184 | V. Periodificaciones a corto plazo |
| 185 | VI. Efectivo y otros activos líquidos equivalentes |
| 186 | |
| 187 | TOTAL ACTIVO |
| 188 | |
| 189 | ───────────────────────────────────── |
| 190 | |
| 191 | PATRIMONIO NETO Y PASIVO |
| 192 | |
| 193 | A) PATRIMONIO NETO (Equity) |
| 194 | A-1) Fondos propios |
| 195 | I. Capital |
| 196 | II. Prima de emisión |
| 197 | III. Reservas |
| 198 | IV. Acciones y participaciones propias (-) |
| 199 | V. Resultados de ejercicios anteriores |
| 200 | VI. Otras aportaciones de socios |
| 201 | VII. Resultado del ejercicio |
| 202 | A-2) Ajustes por cambios de valor |
| 203 | A-3) Subvenciones, donaciones y legados |
| 204 | |
| 205 | B) PASIVO NO CORRIENTE |
| 206 | I. Provisiones a largo plazo |
| 207 | II. Deudas a largo plazo |
| 208 | III. Deudas con empresas del grupo y asociadas a largo plazo |
| 209 | IV. Pasivos por impuesto diferido |
| 210 | |
| 211 | C) PASIVO CORRIENTE |
| 212 | I. Provisiones a corto plazo |
| 213 | II. Deudas a corto plazo |
| 214 | III. Deudas con empresas del grupo y asociadas a corto plazo |
| 215 | IV. Acreedores comerciales y otras cuentas a pagar |
| 216 | V. Periodificaciones a corto plazo |
| 217 | |
| 218 | TOTAL PATRIMONIO NETO Y PASIVO |
| 219 | ``` |
| 220 | |
| 221 | --- |
| 222 | |
| 223 | ## Section 8 -- Memoria (Notes to Accounts) |
| 224 | |
| 225 | | # | Disclosure | Abbreviated | Normal | |
| 226 | |---|---|---|---| |
| 227 | | 1 | Actividad de la empresa (Company activity) | Required | Required | |
| 228 | | 2 | Bases de presentación (Basis of preparation) | Required | Required | |
| 229 | | 3 | Normas de valoración (Accounting policies) | Required (simplified) | Required (full) | |
| 230 | | 4 | Inmovilizado material e intangible | Required (summary) | Required (movements) | |
| 231 | | 5 | Instrumentos financieros | Simplified | Required (full IFRS 7 equivalent) | |
| 232 | | 6 | Existencias (Inventory) | Required | Required | |
| 233 | | 7 | Fondos propios (Equity) | Required | Required | |
| 234 | | 8 | Situación fiscal (Tax position) | Simplified | Required (reconciliation) | |
| 235 | | 9 | Ingresos y gastos (Revenue/expenses) | Not required | Required | |
| 236 | | 10 | Partes vinculadas (Related parties) | Required | Required (detailed) | |
| 237 | | 11 | Otra información (Other) | Headcount, auditor fees | Full | |
| 238 | | 12 | Hechos posteriores (Subsequent events) | Required | Required | |
| 239 | |
| 240 | --- |
| 241 | |
| 242 | ## Section 9 -- Filing Requirements |
| 243 | |
| 244 | | Item | Detail | |
| 245 | |---|---| |
| 246 | | Filing authority | Registro Mercantil of the province where registered office is located | |
| 247 | | Filing method | Electronic (registradores.org) or paper at registry | |
| 248 | | Formulation deadline | Directors must formulate accounts within 3 months of year-end | |
| 249 | | AGM approval deadline | Within 6 months from year-end | |
| 250 | | Filing deadline | Within 1 month after AGM approval | |
| 251 | | Latest possible filing | End of July (for calendar-year companies) | |
| 252 | | Format | Standardised models approved annually by DGRN/DGSJFP resolution | |
| 253 | | Language | Spanish (or co-official language of the autonomous community) | |
| 254 | | Penalty for non-filing | Registry closure (no new entries); fine EUR 1,200–60,000 | |
| 255 | | XBRL | Not mandatory for individual accounts (consolidated listed: ESEF/XBRL) | |
| 256 | |
| 257 | ### Consequences of non-filing |
| 258 | |
| 259 | - **Registry closure**: if accounts not filed for one year, the Registro Mercantil closes the company's sheet — no new registrations (appointments, capital changes) until filed |
| 260 | - **Fine**: ICAC can impose fines from EUR 1,200 to EUR 60,000 (based on turnover) |
| 261 | |
| 262 | --- |
| 263 | |
| 264 | ## Section 10 -- Audit Requirements |
| 265 | |
| 266 | ### Mandatory audit (Art. 263 TRLSC) |
| 267 | |
| 268 | A company must undergo audit if, for **two consecutive** financial years, it exceeds at least **2 of 3** thresholds: |
| 269 | |
| 270 | | Criterion | Threshold | |
| 271 | |---|---| |
| 272 | | Total activo (Total assets) | > EUR 2,850,000 | |
| 273 | | Cifra neta de negocios (Net turnover) | > EUR 5,700,000 | |
| 274 | | Número medio de empleados (Employees) | > 50 | |
| 275 | |
| 276 | The audit obligation ceases when the company no longer exceeds two thresholds for two consecutive years. |
| 277 | |
| 278 | ### Always subject to audit (regardless of size) |
| 279 | |
| 280 | - Companies issuing securities on regulated markets |
| 281 | - Companies receiving public subsidies or contracting with public sector above certain thresholds |
| 282 | - Companies forming part of a group required to consolidate |
| 283 | - Insurance and financial entities |
| 284 | |
| 285 | ### Auditor qualification |
| 286 | |
| 287 | Auditor inscrito en el Registro Oficial de Auditores de Cuentas (ROAC), regulated by the Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuentas (ICAC). |
| 288 | |
| 289 | --- |
| 290 | |
| 291 | ## Disclaimer |
| 292 | |
| 293 | This skill and its outputs are provided for informational and computational purposes only and do not constitute tax, legal, or financial advice. Open Accountants and its contributors accept no liability for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this skill. All outputs must be reviewed and signed off by a qualified professional before filing or acting upon. |
| 294 |
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About
Use this skill when preparing, reviewing, or advising on annual financial statements (cuentas anuales) for a Spanish company. Trigger on phrases like "cuentas anuales", "Registro Mercantil", "depósito de cuentas", "Plan General de Contabilidad", "PGC", "PGC PYMES", "balance", "cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias", "memoria", "auditoría España", "ICAC", or any question about preparing and filing statutory accounts under Spanish commercial law. Covers PGC/PGC-PYMES frameworks, size thresholds, required statements, formats, notes, filing deadlines, and audit requirements.
ESty-2025
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